Impact Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill During The Gulf...

CASE STUDY IMPACT OF THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL IN THE GULF OF MEXICO ON THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION The Gulf of Mexico covers an area of 600,000 square miles and is located between Mexico, Cuba and the United States (Tunell, 2011). Home to 15,419 recorded marine species; the Gulf of Mexico boasts a dynamic ecosystem, which includes 1511 endemic species. The position of the gulf between temperate and tropical waters provides one of the reasons for its vast biodiversity (Campagna et al., 2011). On April 20, 2010 the British Petroleum Deep Water Horizon (DWH) drilling rig exploded and subsequently sank in the waters of Gulf of Mexico. The result was the largest leakage of crude in the United States to date (Middlebrook et al.,†¦show more content†¦Primary pollutants detected consisted mostly of hydrocarbons that were emitted into the atmosphere from evaporated or burned oil on the water surface, and nitrogen oxides, emitted by both the flaring of the natural gas and from the clean-up processes close near the spill site. Once in the atmosphere, these compounds photochemically reacted to produce secondary pollutants such as Ozone and peroxacetyl nitrates (PANs) (Middlebrook et al., 2011). Other pollutants were also detected, such as secondary organic aerosols (SOA), a product of intermediate volatile organic compounds, and soot particles, black carbon and carbon monoxide from in situ burning of oil or from the cleanup processes (Gouw et al., 2011). According to EPA (2016), air pollutants, especially fine particles (2.5ÃŽ ¼m), can cause health risks to respiratory systems of both humans and animals. These pollutants can contribute to the formation of acid rain, damage vegetation, deplete nutrients in soil, contribute to cloud formation and affect climate, and reduce visibility. In addition, secondary pollutants can travel large distances from their point of formation, thus they can be a cause of concern for distant areas. Fortunately, as stated by Middlebrook et al. (2011), the DWH Oil spill had a limited impact on air quality due to the distance fromShow MoreRelatedOffshore Oil Drilling and the Deepwater Horizon Spill of the Gulf of Mexico1591 Words   |  7 PagesOil is a very important fossil fuel that is used for various sources of energy. Oil supplies power to industries, fuel for transportation, heat for buildings, and provides raw material for plastics, paints, textiles, and other materials (hybrid cars). To access this fossil fuel, oil drilling is used. Land-based oil drilling became less productive and as the global stipulation for energy increased, technology, law, and geology impacts stepped in and pushed the exploration of oil away from shores (CITE)Read MoreArgumentative Essay : Bp Oil Spill1558 Words   |  7 PagesArgumentative Essay: The BP Oil Spill Phillip Staton PHI 445 Personal Organizational Ethics Prof. Gloria Zuniga y Postigo February 29, 2016 Argumentative Essay: The BP Oil Spill Introduction In 2010, BP’s Deepwater Horizon rig exploded, causing millions of barrels of crude oil to be leaked out into the Gulf of Mexico. The extensive oil spill created a lot of pollution and far-reaching effects on the tourism industry. The resultant damage to marine wildlife such as fish will continue to be feltRead MoreThe Deepwater Horizon Mobile Offshore Wells Exploratory Platforms1537 Words   |  7 PagesA detonation on the Deepwater Horizon mobile offshore wells-exploratory platforms unit near the Gulf of Mexico, operated by British Petroleum, on April 20, 2010, or known as BP oil spill. The BP oil catastrophe ignited due to high-pressure methane gas by drilling a deep exploratory at Macondo well, reported by Up Stream Online news. The Gulf of Mexico oil spill still outlasts as a great size accidental marine oil spill in the records of the petroleum industry. The date, report details, and locationRead MoreImpact Of Ecosystem On The Deepwater Horizon Spill1583 Words   |  7 PagesThe oil and refined products are a mixture of various hydrocarbons and other compounds whose physical and chemical properties vary; during an oil spill, the composite determines the behavior and impact on the environmental elements such as physical, biological, ecosystem, and the economical impact. During this Case Study I will continue to discuss the characteristics of each affected ecosystem including organisms commonly found in the Deepwater Horizon Spill affected area, potential threats basedRead MoreBp Csr3693 Words   |  15 PagesSocial Responsibilities and Law Contents BP Company Info 3 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Event 4 Summary of the Deepwater Horizon Event 5 Stock price before and after Deepwater Horizon 7 Impact on Stakeholders 8 BP’s Oil Spills and Corporate Social Responsibility 9 Inadequate disclosure on the oil spill event 11 Recommendations for BP to get reputation back 13 Conclusion 14 BP Company Info BP is a global oil and gas company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is theRead MoreBp : The Third Largest Energy Company Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagesis located in Houston, Texas. The Deepwater Horizon was a semi-submersible offshore drilling rig owned by Transocean. Built in 2001 in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries the rig was leased to BP from 2001 until September 2013. On 20 April 2010, while drilling at the Macondo Prospect, an uncontrollable blowout caused an explosion on the rig that killed 11 crewmen and ignited a fireball. The fire was inextinguishable and, two days later, on April 22, the Horizon sank, leaving the well leaking atRead MoreThe Deepwater Horizon Drilling Platforms1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion gallons of crude oil saturated the Gulf of Mexico after the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon drilling prospect on April 10th, 2010. The explosion killed eleven people, resulting in one the worst local oil spills in U.S. history. For the next eig hty seven days, sunken barrels continued to release oil into the Atlantic Ocean. The oil spread from the coast of Louisiana to about one hundred and forty miles into the gulf. The U.S. is trying to reduce the use of foreign oil by drilling within itsRead MoreA Brief Note On Hazardous Chemical Research Paper1272 Words   |  6 Pagessociety runs on oil. It powers our cars, planes and trains, it’s used to build our workplaces and homes, even forming the plastics of our children’s toys, cell phones, and even the very laptop that this essay was typed on. But, oil is not an unlimited resource. As our society’s needs for oil keep growing and growing, the need for more of this oil to be extracted from the earth also increases, leading to new and complex ways of extracting oil. Fracking, tar sand extraction, and offshore oil rigs are allRead MoreThe British Petroleum Oil Spill Essay2026 Words   |  9 Pagesa half thousand oil platforms that spread throughout the cent ral planning area in the Gulf of Mexico with the majority of them no further than 50 miles away from the shores of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. Across the shorelines is home to the wetlands, a paradise ecosystem for many species that live there. Much of it is inaccessible and untouched from human activity. In 2010 an event that caught the attention of almost everyone occurred. An explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oilrig that causedRead MoreBp Oil Spill Analysis Essay6383 Words   |  26 PagesResearch The spectrums of oil spill issues are diverse and large. They range from environmental issue to economic, ecological, ethical, politics and policies. Among many other oil spills, the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, occurred on April 20, 2010 was recorded as the greatest environmental disaster in our history (BP leak the worlds worst accidental oil spill, 2010). The goal of our research is to seek possible solutions to reduce the risks of offshore oil spills. To attain this goal, we

Administration and New Public Management - 3752 Words

J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(4)3915-3919, 2012  © 2012, TextRoad Publication ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research www.textroad.com *Corresponding author: Hassan Danaeefard, Associate Professor, Public Administration, Tarbiat Modarres University, (TMU), Tehran, Iran. Email: hdanaee@modares.ac.ir The Streaks of New Public Management in Iranian Governmental Sector in the Frame of Privatization Policy Hassan Danaeefard1*, Seyed Mahdi Alvani2 and Mohammad Reza Noruzi3 1.Associate Professor, Public Administration, Tarbiat Modarres University, (TMU), Tehran, Iran 2.Professor, Public Administration, Allame Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran 3.EMBA, PhD candidate, Public Sector Policy Making, Islamic Azad University,†¦show more content†¦are some main matters of this strategy in public section. New Public Management Theory, Iran and Privatization In the idea of theorists [9], there is nothing as important as publicity of governmental organizations. The expression of publicity is an obvious symbol of public and private separation. We are going to investigate the dimensions of negative effect of modern governmental management on the publicity of administrational organizations. 3915 Danaeefard et al., 2012 1. New public management: Filling the gap between public and private One common assessment of public service democracy is the evaluation of unique or fundamental qualities which are supposed to be the differentiating symbol of public and private. The insertion of new public management into governmental organizations exterminatesthe border between them because market, norms and unique standards of public service such as citizenship, responsibility, equality, confronting and justice toward them which Islamicgovernments and developed countries like America, England, France and Canada are supporters of, are rambled as some norms of business, competition, productivity and benefit existed [9]. The researches in some countries such as England [10], United States [11], Belgium, Germany, the Netherland and Sweden [10] even in some of developing countries as Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, The Philippines and SouthShow MoreRelatedPublic Administration And The Public Sector837 Words   |  4 PagesOld Public Administration was created to answer the questions to many unanswered problems. President Woodrow Wilson said it was â€Å"harder to run a constitution than to frame it† because of the difficult administrative tasks had to deal with. Sure enough, he was not the only person who felt that way. President Wilson believed that in order to run an effective government, ideas from the private sector should be incorporated into the public sector. He even went as far as to give input on how the governmentRead MoreThe Classical Public Administrative Theory1158 Words   |  5 Pages CLASSICAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY Most twentieth century scholars in sociology and the science of administration consider the classical public administrative theory as the early form of organizational theory and accompanied by three main types of management: scientific, administration and bureaucracy. All of these management ideas are linked to different academics. `The scientific management was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915); the AmericanRead MoreHow Corporate Greed Is Uniquely A Part Of A Public Administration970 Words   |  4 PagesThis weeks forum question is what brings you here and interests you. I became a public administration student after many careers in multiple fields of management. These included retail, healthcare and currently, technology. I am very interested in organizational structure and management. The field of public administration is all encompassing and goes hand in hand with organizational management studies. I do have an interest as well in local government. I grew up in a terrific, but non-politicalRead MoreDominant Theory Of Public Administration Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pagesexplain the dominant theory in public administration practice and elaborate on the major theoretical assumptions of the Old Public Administration. As stated in the question, the world has transformed through globalization, information technology, and devolution of authority since the latter part of the last century. The dominant theory in public administration has been replaced from the traditional rule-based, authority-driven processes of the Old Public Administration with market-based, competition-drivenRead MoreComparing Public and Private Administration690 Words   |  3 PagesPublic and Private Administration Public and Private Administration Public administration is a type of administration in which the rules, regulations and different governmental policies are implemented. In public administration, the decision-making is based on the government and the officials of the organizations where public administration is practiced are mostly non-elected (Simon, Smithburg, Thompson, pg 9-12). These unelected officials are sometimes considered as heads of the state, cityRead MoreThe Field Of Public Administration Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of Public Administration is undoubtedly one of the most vast study fields there is. It is said that public administration is closely related to Management in terms of public management theories. After all Public Administration is the perfect management of people in a more vast public setting.According to Nigro and Nigro in their book Modern Public Administration, Public Administration is a co-operative group effort in a public setting which works in collaboration with the execu tive, legislatureRead MoreStrategic Management And Public Sector Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic Management has picked up a maintained conspicuousness in the administration of public sectors in the previous two decades or thereabouts. Public sectors are progressively being solicited to utilize it as part from their administration systems. It has turned into an appealing administration apparatus to reformers, and as according to Bovard (2009), contends for an association to be without a technique is to seem directionless and clumsy. It is not an embellishment to state that, the utilizationRead MoreEvolution Of Public Administration Approaches1695 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution of Public Administration Approaches The roots of public administration can be traced back to 400 B.C. when Plato developed the concept of democracy, but more recently, economist Fredric W. Taylor in early 1900s developed the need for budgets, cooperation between labor and management in order to become more effective (Gueguen, 2002). His concepts of scientific management, also known as Taylorism, promoted job optimization and simplification in order to increase productivity. These scientificRead MoreGood Governance And Public Sector Management1022 Words   |  5 Pagesespecially politically. Good Governance is linked to Public Sector Management and how it is developing. Public Sector Management has went through changes over the past decades: from Traditional Public Administration to New Public Management or in other words Governance and managerialism. Moving from traditional administration with emphasis on neutrality of the public, tenure, career and a structure of hierarchical authority. The New Public Management wi th emphasis on commercialization and privatizationRead More The Evolution of Public Administration in American Society Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesPublic administration as a field of study and as a practice has continually evolved with American society. The United States has survived and thrived through major cultural shifts, varying degrees of economic climates, and both civil and world wars. Through out all these changes in our country, one thing has always remained the same, the fact that we are an ever evolving and always changing nation. Theories and forms of practice of public administration have also evolved parallel with the history

Health and Fitness Portfolio Free Essays

Wendy Wu June 12, 2012 PPL1OF Health – Fitness Portfolio Reflection: Fitness is the condition of being physically fit and healthy, which is what we’ve learned and have been working towards for the entire second semester of this school year (2011 – 2012) in our grade 9 physical education and healthy living course. Through tests that we have completed three separate times during this semester, we can see the progress and improvements that we’ve made throughout the five months. These tests pushed us to do our best and see how we do when we are at our best. We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Fitness Portfolio or any similar topic only for you Order Now These tests were there so that the teacher and ourselves to see how well we were doing in six components: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and agility. Cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability of one’s respiratory system (the heart and lungs) to provide oxygen and fuel for our bodies during sustained physical activity. This ability helps prevent any heart related illnesses, diabetes, etc. You could improve your cardiorespiratory endurance by continuously running, swimming, or cycling. In class, we were tested on this component by doing the beep test. The beep test consists of us continuously running from one point to another, stopping when reached the point and continuing after a beep. This cycle is continued until you feel like you cannot continue. The first time I completed the beep test was on February 21st and I received a 3. 5. After completing the test, I set a goal for myself the next time we do the beep test (which was in 8-9 weeks). This goal was to reach stage four of the beep test, meaning I had to run three more beeps to reach my goal. I thought this goal was â€Å"SMART† (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time). The second time I completed the beep test, I received a 4. 2, two more beeps over my goal. This means that I have improved by five beeps (0. 5). My goal for the last beep test that was in four weeks was to reach level 4. 5, which meant that I had to run three more beeps than the beep test I had just completed. June 1, was the day that I ran my final beep test of the year. I finished the test with a 4. 7, improving by five beeps. Completing the test with a 4. 7 means I had accomplished my goal and exceeded it. Overall, I had shown a steady increase throughout the semester when it comes to my cardiorespiratory endurance. I believe that this increase was because I was involved in track and field throughout the semester. For warm-up during track and field, we had to run four laps. I think this helped in improving my cardiorespiratory endurance. I can improve my cardiorespiratory endurance even more by running up and down the street in the mornings daily (or weekly) or swim laps every week to boost my cardiorespiratory endurance and the amount of air my lungs can intake. Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly. This helps with sports and daily activities. Some sports or activities that need muscular endurance are weightlifting, stairs, etc. The main idea of this ability is so that we â€Å"feel the burn†. We figure out our muscular endurance by doing a test of abdominal crunches and push-ups. The first part is to see how many abdominal crunches you could do in a minute. The second part was to see how many continuous push-ups you could do. On the first test, I did 34 crunches in a minute and 20 continuous push-ups. After this testing, I set a SMART goal for myself of 35 abdominal crunches and 22 push-ups. The second test, I did 36 abdominal crunches and 22 continuous push-ups. With these results, I know that I have improved by 2 in abdominal crunches and 3 in push-ups, as well as showing that I had exceeded my goal by one with both sections of the testing. This led me to set my goals for the third testing which were to do 38 abdominal crunches and 25 continuous push-ups. The third testing results ended up to be 38 for abdominal crunches and 33 for continuous push-ups. This displayed an improvement on both tests, as well as accomplishing my SMART goals. In the abdominal crunches sections, I advanced by 2 crunches from last time and reach my goal. For my push-ups, I bettered myself by 10 push-ups and surpassed my goal of 25 continuous push-ups. In the end, these result show a steady increase for the first part (the abdominal crunches) and a slow increase that becomes greater for the second section of the muscular endurance test (continuous push-ups). I think there was an increase because in between the first and second testing, our class had spent a week in the weight room doing a new unit. The first half of the week, we focused on muscular endurance and I think that helped improve my results in the second test. The training we did in the weight room included bench presses, lat pull-downs, abdominal exercises, etc. I continued to do similar exercises before I went to be after the unit had ended, which help improve my third test results. If I continue to do abdominal exercises and push-ups on my own time, my muscular endurance level would steadily increase. Muscular strength is the next component I am going to focus on. It is the amount or weight a muscle can contract once. This component increase muscle mass and increases your power, as well as helping with sports and daily activities like weightlifting, shot-put, javelin, discus, etc. We do a vertical jump test to determine our muscular strength level, which is when we are to stand against the wall with your arm extended to see your standing height. You would then jump with your arm extended to see how high you could jump and the difference between your standing height and your jumping height. I ended my first vertical jump test with 12 inches as my difference and set my goal for next time as 14† for my difference. My second testing result was a difference of 14†, which was my goal. During this test, I improved my muscular strength level by 2†. Then I had written my goal down as 16† for my next difference. I achieved this goal when I completed my third vertical jump and advanced myself from last time by 2†. Therefore, my overall muscular strength level had increased at a constant rate and improved because of the weight training unit we had done. Earlier I mentioned working on muscular endurance in the weight room for a part of the week; the other part was to work on our muscular strength. This helped me better myself in my muscular strength. I could improve my muscular strength level by doing weekly leg exercise like squats or free-weight/machine-weight/body-weight training with more sets than repetitions (reps). How to cite Health and Fitness Portfolio, Essay examples

Information About the Nizamuddin Dargah free essay sample

Sufi: (Etymology: Worship, Wool) Follower of Islam in a liberal way [spiritual side] * Sufism was born out of necessity * Ulemah were the rigid people who followed Islam. They created rules. * NIZAMUDDIN gave people a lot of freedom * Teacher in Islam is known as PIR. * Student in Islam is known as MUREED. * During Nizamuddin’s time crime was at it’s lowest. * FIRST SUFI SAINT- Moinuddin Chisti * CHISTI SILSILA- Named after people who propagated this. The people had come from a place called Chist * Nizamuddin Auliyah was the 4th Sufi saint. HAZRAT NIZAMUDDIN AULIYAH * He was born in 1238 * Lived in Badaun for 20 years * Hyaspur was its original name. * Nizamuddin had established Khangah. * He was the first saint to go against rigidity. * Treated everyone equally. * Alauddin Khilji tried to become his Mureed (student) * Hyasuddin Tughlaq was jealous of him * Hazrat Amir Khusrao was Nizamuddin’s favorite Mureed. * Khusrao was the only one who had the permission to enter Nizamuddin’s Khangah anytime. We will write a custom essay sample on Information About the Nizamuddin Dargah or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was during his time that there was the biggest langar used to take place. * He kept a roza for his whole life AMIR KHUSRAO * He was a businessman, poet, scientist, and musician. Excelled in all the fields. * Invented Tabla and Sitar. * Known as the father of Urdu language. * Died after 6 months of the death of his pir. * When a saint dies, the day is celebrated. Belief- â€Å"When a saint dies, he is said to be united with his beloved(God)† * Qawali was originally known as Sama TOMB OF AMIR KHUSRAO * Made of red sandstone and marble * Quran is engraved on the walls. Red sandstone is like a dressing on the wall. The wall is not actually made up of red sandstone. WHY IS REDSTONE USED? Red sandstone is a dressing to make it attractive. Also red sandstone is very easy to be engraved. Stone – carved and made a Jaali. FAMILY TOMB OF ADGAH KHAN * Tiles are not available anymore. Not able to restore. * The artisans who made the tomb are not available anymore. * The work is very lucrative * On the dome there is a squinch. * A squinch is a structure where a circle is fitted on a square. * Cenotaphs are made of marble. Walls are made of mortar lime – fixing material [Made of rice, dal, jaggery etc. ] MAIN MOSQUE * Thursday is day of congregation prayer. * Built by son of Alauddin Khilji * People pray facing a wall, facing Mecca * Central arch called a mehrab * Verse from a Quran – Inayat * Domes, arches and other features of Islamic architecture can be seen. * The priest is known as Imam. * The architect ure: The base is a square, then arches and a figure of 16 sides and then a dome is built. BAULI * A Bauli is a well with steps leading to it. * The only one in Delhi which always has water.

The Secret to Narrowing Down Your College List

Narrowing down your college list is a really difficult task, especially when you dont really know where to start. But thats okay- there is no right answer or right approach to finding out which schools you should apply to. You may have already prioritized location, or school size. Whatever it is, start from there, and work your way through it. With some bumps along the way, youll find the perfect school for you. Well, at least thats how these Stanford students did it: Ksl0Class of 2015I did not want to apply to any school within a 200 mile radius. If you can afford it financially, college is a great opportunity to live in a different culture; the US has SO many diverse communities that you might as well use this opportunity to learn about another place! Whats the point of college except to get an education? And if you ask college graduates what was the best part of their education, theyre very likely to say the people. So go somewhere different.Michlu My college counselor presented me with these criteria: location, size, price, academics, prestige/future job opportunities, extracurricular opportunities, range of majors that interest you, flexibility in majors, and fun. Not necessarily in that order, mind you, but consider all of them when applying! For me, I always wanted to live in California, but I enjoyed the East Coast as well. All schools I applied to (with one exception) ended up on the West Coast. Academic strength, size (closeness w/ professors and students), and flexibility were all similar in the schools I applied to. Twoody Class of 2016 Stanford: I went to a summer program at Stanford (EPGY) the summer before my senior year and loved it. I loved the campus and the Stanford students I met there. That pretty much made me super into the idea of getting into Stanford. Plus, its generous financial aid were draws for me. UC Berkeley and UC San Diego: I was also enamored with coastal California - it was close to Arizona, my home state. However, I didnt properly weigh in was the importance of financial aid. Californias budget was tight, and they werent about to give me a lot of money! UChicago: I have family in Chicago. Plus, they give the most generous aid in the country, I think. University of Arizona: It was far enough from and close enough to home, and it was better than any other school in Arizona, according to rankings. WoxelClass of 2019 The main factor in choosing colleges to apply to was financial aid. I live in California, so the most affordable choices were UCs. I also applied to other schools that provided scholarships for National Merit Finalists. I applied to Stanford as a reach, but wasnt expecting to get in or even afford it. The final cost was significantly more than a UC, but it was reasonably affordable. Besides that, I chose top-ranked schools with good engineering departments since that was my main focus. Ldp13 Class of 2019 Location was initially a huge factor for me. Then I stopped and thought about it, and I realized location doesnt matter as long as youre surrounded by hardworking, interesting, clever, funny people. That really opened up my search. I made sure I would be happy going to even at my safety schools. Dont apply anywhere you wouldnt consider going to if you got in! If you know what you want to do, find schools that are the best in those fields. If you dont know what you want to do, apply to schools that generally have a good overall program. Choosing where to go to college is an incredibly important decision. Make an informed choice by talking to current students on ourmentorship platform. Access 60,000+ successfulcollege application filesuploaded by college students (they get paid when you view them). is a community of students helping students. Our goal is to bring much-needed transparency to higher education.

Freedom to Live

Freedom to Live He died at the age of ninety-seven of natural causes. He lived a wonderful life with a wife and four healthy children, who now have healthy families of their own. I never saw my great-grandpa without a cigarette in his mouth except at church, and he died of natural causes. He had smoked for eighty-two years of his life and enjoyed every minute of it. His descendents are not suffering any consequences of his actions. There are an endless number of stories like the above. Children and adults live their lives around second-hand smoke every day. Smoking should not be banned, because it is a person's individual right and should not be controlled by the government.Thomas Jefferson stated in the Declaration of Independence that, "all men are created equal; that they are endowed by our creator with inherent and inalienable rights." This being true and held constant, smoking should be allowed in public.Anti-smoking adAllowing the government to slowly take over parts of our lives and control t hem, will eventually lead America into a state of Communism. The government cannot and should not attempt to control smoking. There are many other dangerous situations that are not monitored or controlled by the government. Certain amounts of exposure to the sun have been proven to cause skin cancer, however the government has done nothing to try and protect those who would not like to be exposed by taking away the privilege of those who enjoy the sunlight. The people who fear the damage their skin will encounter from exposure to the sun must do their own things to remedy it. For example, staying indoors or wearing clothing that covers their skin. In the same sense, the government cannot justify taking away a smoker's privilege to enjoy a cigarette, simply because there are...

Astronomy5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Astronomy5 - Essay Example It is proved that there is the existence of a planet that resembles Jupiter which has got large mass with asteroids that surround the planet. For the stability of the earth there are tectonics of plates which prove that life is not such easier for the survivor. There is a seed that supports the earth which is produced by the mars like small planet. This also ensures that there is life by providing a good temperature and pressure. The galaxy is also a support in that it has got heavy elements that are elliptical to the system. 3. Human beings and nature have one thing in common since the human beings destroy the environment in which most of the people believe so. Although most of the people do not understand the reason why the environment is destroyed. There are reasons why people destroy the environment where they have an understanding towards the nature of the environment giving out the right reasons. The main reason for the destruction is the using of the resources. The resources are used in different forms just like the trees being used for making papers. In the process the resources are made to be scarce becoming rare species. More of people’s voice tends to protect the environment and stop the people from destroying the natural resources. Human beings are not easy to be related to the environment and understanding the phenomena is not an easy thing. Human beings this days have interest on protecting the environment more so the natural

Dicussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dicussion - Essay Example Corporations are viewed as persons because they have rights and freedoms almost similar to those given to a human being. For example, under the United Sates constitution corporations cannot be deprived the right to liberty, life or property without due process. Additionally, under the Fourteenth Amendment no state shall not deny any person the equal protection of the laws in that even the corporations should not be discriminated. Corporations have the right to own, acquire and dispose of property, as well as, sue and be sued. However, although corporations are given these rights they are denied the right to vote as a person and to acquire licensure because the corporations do not meet any educational requirements. A corporation is created by filing the article of association with the secretary of state and when the articles are accepted or approved a corporate charter is given to a corporation (Showalter, 2014). Incorporation of the organization means gives the corporation five principal advantages. They include limited liability, perpetual existence, free transfer of ownership interest, ability to raise capital and taxation separate from individual income taxes. Corporations have both implied and express powers that are written down clearly under the statute or charter. The powers of the corporation have to be consistent with the charter and when the corporation goes against those powers they are held to be ultra vires meaning that they acted beyond their limit. Hospitals are viewed as Not-for-profit organization, which is mostly owned by shareholders. The shareholders are entitled and are expected to receive dividends from the corporation’s earnings, and they are also allowed to share assets in case of the dissolution of the corporation. Although Not-for- Profit corporation are allowed most of the privileges of the corporation in case they want to use the corporation for other gains they have to include such acts in

Biomedical issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biomedical issues - Essay Example They evaluate consequences of their decisions to find out which ones are more valuable to the majority. They also stick to those defined as their responsibilities in their code of conduct. Considerations of individual rights and legal claims by patients work to cover certain cases. The personal reflex or feeling by the professional in terms of what they consider as the best option available at time of practice is also observed. Ethics is an expected behavior within a society that is guarded by a moral code to differentiate between what is right and that which is wrong. Law on the other hand is an imposed legal code of conduct that is applied to everyone in the society. This differs from ethics which may be adopted by certain professions, groups or regions with an aim of developing a strict penalty for individuals who deviate. There are five important concepts that need to be understood when we evaluate issues in biomedicine. Human beings are defined by their self awareness which is lacking in other animals. This means they are conscious of their impact and presence in the environment. The human beings also enjoy autonomy which defines their freedom of choice based on their ability to direct and control themselves. Informed consent is the decision making act based on full disclosure and awareness of factors, causes and repercussions surrounding a phenomenon of concern. Moral rights, is another concept that depends on values that are appreciated and observed by individuals within a society. These are sometimes binding in the eyes of the law thus healthcare practitioners have to be careful in their medical executions with regards to what is expected by their patients. Malfeasance is the malpractices or professional misconduct as brought forth by the healthcare practitioners. The Hippocratic Oath guards patients’ right and how the practitioners relate with them. Confidentiality is emphasized as well as a caution on malfeasance

Analysis of Taylorism Theories and Human Relations Theory

Analysis of Taylorism Theories and Human Relations Theory Question: Work itself is organised according to Taylorian principles, while personnel departments and academics have busied themselves with the selection, training, manipulation, pacification and adjustment of manpower to suit the work processes so organised. Taylorism dominates the world of production; the practitioners of human relations and industrial psychology are the maintenance crew for the human machinery. (Braverman, 1974: 87) This study tries to reveal the statement whether Taylorism theories tries to dictate the production world and the positions of Human Relations theory are just combined into the business operations, in order to just assist the worker output in a Taylorism manner. According to the text of (Taylor, 1914: 1-2; Holloway, 1991: 71-72), it shows that the two theories main objective focus on the method of increasing organisational output and it also extensively determine the production processes which is the objective area that will be focus in this study. Braverman makes a critical evaluation on the production processes of a capitalist environment. He stated that in a capitalist surrounding, the management tries to deteriorate the skilfulness of workers because the capitalist control and subject them to do repetitive routines of work. As this is being stated in the text of (Milloy, 2011: 92-95). The observations of Braverman have strong a linkage to those of Karl Marx, who through his theory of alienation, reached similar conclusions (Yuill, 2011: 104-107), as will be discussed extensively in the last section of this study. Reasons of confessing about the statement Based, on Milloy (2011: 92-95) notes, Bravermans stated that the statement of Taylorism dominates the production world was a conclusion of an examination which shows advanced position by Taylor, according to the availability of a highly popular capitalist management practices visible in most companies during the 70 century. Just like in the current business environment, firms were depending on system that link certain persons who undertook specific activity and were answerable to individuals of a higher level, in that order, until higher management level (Milloy, 2011: 94-97). To Braverman, these structure shows an evidence of Taylorism in the business operation. Moreover, various aim could be attempted to complement the workers society status value in the workplace, as the Human Relations theory supports, the main driver of business operation, according to Braverman and Taylor principles and also the statement. Taylor Principle Taylor principles theories main focus are on the scientific approaches towards the management of workers (Bruce Nyland, 2011: 391-393). During, the late 19th-century most factory manager, were eager in increasing the output level of labours (Weisbord, 2011: 169-171). The theorist recognised that, in order to enlarge the output level, burden of workers had to be broken into smaller units and authorise the task to the particular individuals, which this is known as the process called specialisation (Weisbord, 2011: 169-171). As Milloy (2011: 93-96) suggests, Taylor ground position is on the workers motive to perform these duties on a daily routine basis and to the satisfactory level of their need for money. Therefore, according to Taylorian principles, the compensation of workers should be based according to their productivity levels within the certain period of time (Weisbord, 2011: 170-173). A critical observation of Bravermans statement and the application of existing business world will certainly reveal that Taylor principles dictates the production world. Workers gain salary according to the working hours of worker in the workplace, earn bonuses and benefits depending on the productive level of workers and their performance (Kaplan Atkinson, 2015: 565-569). As Kaplan Atkinson (2015: 556-561) examine, modern management mainly involves the combination of small business procedure and then effectively provide duties to certain individuals and supervising the implementation procedure of these tasks, which then would linked to building up the whole company operation structures. These aspects indicates that Bravermans statement is true. Yet, as Gerhart Fang (2015: 493-496) suggested, in many organisations there is a separation between the output per units of workers and their salary levels. Furthermore, aspects such as gender pay gaps have further served to obscure the mechanism of linking productivity with rewards (Gerhart Fang, 2015: 497-501) and in most case s, the Taylor principles do not employ. Human Relations Human Relations theory holds the position which increase the worker output, firms should invest in the workers social well-being (Barkema et al., 2015: 463-466). Thus, according to the theory, workers should be allowed to have communications that are both official and causal. As opposed to the Taylorism principle, which identify capital as the operator for worker productivity, the theory emphasises that links with each other and the management are the creators of worker achievement and output (Bruce Nyland, 2011: 396-401). Also, the Human Relations theory focus on the fact when undertaking their business roles, workers are not independently rational, as forced by their motive to meet their economic needs, a position contribute by Taylor, but are depending on each other (Bruce Nyland, 2011: 396-401). Accordingly, Taylorism takes into account the fundamental strategies when relating workers objective with business goals, where it assumed that the desire can be related with the econom ic needs of the two (Weisbord, 2011: 169-171), the Human Relations principles identify that the relationship can only be create by building up social value of workers. The assessment of Bravermans statement is true in various ways. In the 21st century business world, Human Relations manner such as happy workplace, informal interactions with friends, are not noticeable as a vital practices (Barkema et al., 2015: 463-466). According to Donka, George Stefanos (2015: 69) they suggest that, these aspects that structure the main controversy of Human Relations theory are recognised as facilitators of current business procedures and operations, which as observed by Braverman, are based on Taylorism principles. Nevertheless, the pursuit of innovativeness, companys such as Google marked themselves by having fun workplace , highly flexible working hours and variety employee benefits , are tearing apart ranks with these approaches and have reconstruct their structures to principally focus on t he workers social well-being (Payton, 2015: 57-63), according with the Human Relation theory. Respectively, Taylor scientific management dominate the current business world, as time pass by businesses tries to become competitive, Human Relations principles are likely to be more significant, like in the case of Google. Karl Marx Karl Marx investigated the production procedure in his theory of alienation. Marx noted that capitalist management tends to deteriorate the workers skilfulness and the ability (Calhoun, 2012: 87-88) the three main reasons. First, Karl Marx claimed that during the workers delivered the products that had a high value, they were not appropriately compensated for their efforts, which could lead them to the feelings of uncontent (Calhoun, 2012: 87-88) and an unappreciation of their respective expertise (Shantz, Alfes Truss, 2014: 2531-2534). Second, the theorist also indicate the fact that capitalist management practice are considerable authority and control over workers, which limited their talents and abilities (Shantz, Alfes Truss, 2014: 2531-2534). Third, according to the research of Shantz, Alfes Truss (2014: 2531-2534) and Calhoun (2012: 87-88), Marx noted that capitalist management has a characteristic of continual and strict routines that transformed workers into tools of the p roduction process, rather a force that had the potential of having a positive impact on business activity . The examination of these positions and the comparison of the statement of Braverman will uncover that the both Marx and Braverman theory had similar observations. Taylorism supports a capitalist style of management, where workers are expected to be productive to their highest levels based on their pay, and the extensive breaking down of production processes and creation of routine-based roles (Bruce Nyland, 2011: 391-395). Therefore, as captured in Bravermans statement, Karl Marx, through the alienation theory, it seems that it have reached the position that capitalist management dominates the firm, which, essentially, is Taylorism. Yet, it can be argued that Karl Marx agreed with the Taylor principle of assuming that workers are motivated by the pay of salary. However, the inspiration behind Karl Marxs position on appropriate worker salary was the workers well-being, which a dvocates the Human Relations theory. Conclusion In conclusion, Bravermans quote that Taylor theory influence the production world and that the positions support by Human Relations are only employed to aid the existence of a highly organised business structure that are noticeable by strong Taylorian principles is true. Nowadays, businesses are characterised by the compensation systems that are mainly on the workers working duration and a strong important on the output within certain amount of periods, which is related with Taylor. Next, the well-being of workers should be consider rather than the productivity. This is because the well-being is perceived as a factor that improve workers performance within a highly organised system of a firm. On the contrary, the development of an innovative culture, companies such as Google have modernised their corporate structure on Human Relations principles, which this could indicate the future, the Human Relations principle could be replace by the business environment of Taylor. References Barkema, H. G., Chen, X. P., George, G., Luo, Y., Tsui, A. S. (2015). West meets East: New concepts and theories. Academy of Management Journal, 58(2), 460-479. Bruce, K., Nyland, C. (2011). Elton Mayo and the deification of human relations. Organization Studies, 32(3), 383-405. Calhoun, C. (2012). Classical sociological theory. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Donka, N., George, A., Stefanos, K. (2015). Sociology of Labour and Human Resource Management: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(3 S1), 69. Gerhart, B., Fang, M. (2015). Pay, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, performance, and creativity in the workplace: Revisiting long-held beliefs. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 2(1), 489-521. Hollway, W. (1991). Work psychology and organizational behaviour. London: Sage Publications Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015). Advanced management accounting. New Delhi: PHI Learning. Milloy, J. (2011). Bravermans New World? Assessing the Labour Process In Recent Scholarship. Left History, 15(2), 91-101. Payton, F. C. (2015). Workplace Design: The Millennials Are Not Coming-Theyre Here. Design Management Review, 26(1), 54-63. Shantz, A., Alfes, K., Truss, C. (2014). Alienation from work: Marxist ideologies and twenty-first-century practice. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(18), 2529-2550. Taylor, F. W. (1914). The principles of scientific management. New York: Harper. Weisbord, M. (2011). Taylor, McGregor and me. Journal of Management History, 17(2), 165-177. Yuill, C. (2011). Forgetting and remembering alienation theory. History of the Human Sciences, 24(2), 103-119. 1438 words

The Kiss of the Fur Queen Essay -- Art, Education, Highway

Thomson Highway’s The Kiss of the Fur Queen has a core theme of art. In this novel, art is integrated into the lives of the characters. The modernist movement would indicate that art has the ability to plainly exist â€Å"art of arts sake†. Peter Lamarque notes â€Å"To value a work for its own sake is to value it for what it is in itself, not for the realization of some ulterior ends.† (par. 19) This commonly accepted view, that art is valued because it is great art, not for the role or function that it has in society, restricts arts impact. This perspective limits and does not allow for the surfacing of profound effects that art creates. In the Kiss of the Fur Queen, art has power it does not simply exist but has function. The observable function of art in this text is in education, providing identity and finally uniting Gabriel and Jeremiah with their cultural roots. Art educates. This education can be both positive and negative but art can function as an educational tool that has lasting effects. A 2009 article in the New York Times titled: â€Å"Schools Adopt Art as Building Block of Education† indicates the growing acceptance of art functioning in education. In this article, the unique architecture of the building was used practically by students â€Å"measuring whimsical figures of hot-air balloons, paper airplanes and pinwheels built right into the walls of their school† (par. 1). The architecture also functioned as inspiration for further learning. In addition, the article documented the perspective of a four-year old child who proclaimed that â€Å"When you look at it, it helps you learn.† (par. 20) When Jeremiah looked at the image of heaven and hell he learned significant life lessons. This picture that was presented in residential school ... ...ovel. The embedded role of a trickster in the novel points towards the underlying significance of art in the brother’s lives and the concept that this novel itself is a Cree story; is art. Throughout this novel little piece of native art function to unite the Jeremiah and Gabriel together and to their native roots. In The Kiss of the Fur Queen art is not only demonstrated as having a function, but specific examples are provided. Art in this text functions in three main ways. It functions as education, identity, and cultural formation. Counter to the concept that art can simply exist for art sake is that the meaningful functions of art are encountered in daily life. This novel crystallizes that concept and confirms that preserving and continuing artistic endeavours is needed not just for the sake of art, but for the many profound implications of arts functions.

Chapter 9 world history AP notes Essay

Overall Summary (ablongman)- â€Å"In addition to the great civilizations of Asia and North Africa forming during the postclassical period, two related major civilizations formed in Europe. The Byzantine Empire, in western Asia and southeastern Europe, expanded into eastern Europe. The other was defined by the influence of Catholicism in western and central Europe. The Byzantine Empire, with territory in the Balkans, the Middle East, and the eastern Mediterranean, maintained very high levels of political, economic, and cultural life between 500 and 1450 C.E. The empire continued many Roman patterns and spread its Orthodox Christian civilization through most of eastern Europe, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. Catholic Christianity, without an imperial center, spread in western Europe. Two separate civilizations emerged from the differing Christian influences† The Byzantine Empire â€Å"The Byzantine Empire unfolded initially as part of the greater Roman Empire. Then, as this framework shattered with Roman decline, it took a life of its own, particularly from the reign of Emperor Justinian onward. It centered on a territory different from and smaller than the eastern Mediterranean as Rome had defined it. This was the result of new pressures, particularly the surge of Islam throughout North Africa and the bulk of the Middle East. Despite many attacks, the empire flourished until the 11th century.† Origins of the Empire: †¢You can think of the beginning of the empire as the 4th century CE oThis was when the Romans set up their western capitol of Constantinople †¢This one city became a strong and thriving center of an empire with a falling imperial structure †¢Emperor Constantine started to build many elaborate buildings, some of which were Christian churches oBuild his city off of the small town of Byzantium oEastern emperors would rule from this new city †¢Even before the fall of western Rome †¢Warded off intruders (including the Huns) †¢Had a solid tax base because of the peasant agriculture of the eastern Mediterranean †¢Emperor Justinian (in the 6th century) changed the official language to Greek (Latin had been the court language of the eastern empire; however, it became inferior & considered barbaric) oThis Greek knowledge gave scholars of the eastern empire to read the ancient Athenian philosophical and literary classics & the Hellenistic writings freely †¢High levels of commerce (Had been in the eastern Mediterranean) helped the new empire †¢Hellenized Egyptians and Syrians started to become involved in their administration oThis was due to the fact that many of them were moving to Constantinople (& entered the expanding bureaucracy) †¢Byzantine empire had many foreign enemies

Deutsche Bank And Bankers Trust Merger Essays

Deutsche Bank And Bankers Trust Merger Essays Deutsche Bank And Bankers Trust Merger Paper Deutsche Bank And Bankers Trust Merger Paper Germany scores 40 what means that German society is rather restraint in comparison with more free American society which scores 68 In uncertainty avoidance, the Germans score 65 while the Americans score 46, meaning that Germans try more to avoid risk and anxiety, while Americans neither seek nor avoid ambiguous situations. Despite the differences there is also something in common, for example: In spite of the fact that there is an obvious difference between two ultras in the individualism scale (G 67, U 91), both of them are actually considered to be individualistic and focus on personal independence, individual rights, personal time, freedom and challenge. The power distance scale (G 35, IS 40) shows that both cultures are not very comfortable with control and structured hierarchical levels and prefer participative communication. And we also can see that masculinity is also a common feature. For The Germans and the Americans performance is highly valued. People rather live in order to work and draw a lot of self-esteem from their tasks. So now well proceed to analyzing how this dimensions influenced the merger itself. Individualism Beechnute Its an interesting fact that before having been acquired the Bankers Trust had not been integrated properly with the oldest US investment bank Alex Brown. That integration acquisition process was problematic in terms of merging the staff from both organizations with different and contrasting management styles. One reason for this was the failure on the part of the Bankers Trust to appreciate the culture of their new acquisition. So the employees of the Alex Brown felt that they lost their identity. Therefore, an important strategic target for the Deutsche Bank was to gain the Alex Brown employees confidence and trust. As a consequence, the company in the USA was then named the Deutsche- Alex Brown Investment Bank. As a consequence Of this important decision Alex Browns identity was kept and also the brand was reinforced in the market and among clients. Y Bank employees felt that the Deutsche Bank had rescued them from Bankers Trust and they had actually kept their identity. (catboat) As weve already said for both cultures the respect of individual and his rights is very important. So, during the due diligence period, the Deutsche Bank executive group decided to undertake a cultural assessment exercise which was designed to find out not only the acquired companys assets, but the feelings and thoughts of the people involved in it. This exercise uncovered the fears, misapplications and the concerns of the employees. As the result employees of the acquired company could see that their opinion actually mattered which can also indicate a low rate of power distance, speaking of which we can also mention the fact that Deutsche Bank appointed John Ross as the head of the integration process. Ross had been Treasurer of Deutsche Bank but also had been Chief Executive for the Asia-Pacific region. Importantly for the integration of Bankers Trust, Ross was an American and had previously had a 21 -year career with the Bank of New York so he was able to understand Bankers Trust as well as anyone. Therefore we can see that the managers of the Deutsche Bank actually cared about what the representatives of the acquired bank thought and that is one Of the things that actually influenced the success of the merger. Masculinity The integration teams tasks also included ensuring the key managers would to leave the new organization following the signing of the deal. An incident occurred that presented a real threat to this happening. In the words of one of the top managers: Just right after the closing deal, one of G Bank competitors tried to poach a whole industry team, the entire industry 1 00 people. And over a week-end the integration team made a very radical and quick decision which resulted in G Bank keeping 75% of that team The Retention Programmer Retention for A Bank employees. A quite sizeable program, CSS$ 500 million was set aside to encourage A Banks key employees o stay in the organization.

Research Essay Sample on the Phenomenon of Comics

Research Essay Sample on the Phenomenon of Comics The research essay is a type of work that integrates the knowledge on a particular subject which student receives during the semester and his or her ability to analyze it and create an original vision on the issue. Besides, this type of work presents the skills to work with specific formats and literature. The standard content comprises an introduction, several body paragraphs, conclusion, and ends up with the bibliography part. ‘The Phenomenon of Comics’ Essay Sample Changes in the book formats of recent years demonstrate the period of transition of the printing publication to the multimedia space, so as the creation of alternative versions of the printed word. It also influences the changing paradigm of the readership of a particular genre of literature, creating invariance of the printed product using in various social and public spheres, combining, for example, the entertainment side of writing with learning. The harmonious combination of graphics in any manifestation and verbal accompaniment makes it possible to develop creative and logical thinking to assimilate the presented material fully. Therefore, the specific features of a book publication or a web version can be attributed to the characteristics of a comic book or the so-called graphic novel, which embodies entertaining, learning, and social functions. The Phenomenon of Comics and Its Historic-Literature Tendencies Analyzing current trends in book publishing, one can trace a specific and long-known pattern. The latter assumes attracting the reader attention with an extraordinary approach to the compilation of an upcoming book masterpiece; for example, combining non-standard genres for a particular type of publishing, using colorful illustrations, and creating well-formulated text content. Taking this into account, it is worth emphasizing that literature for children remains one of the most sought-after and challenging to compose. It has various functions, including studying, leisure, entertainment, self-development, learning languages, and the strengthening of individual skills. Such diversity imposes some unwritten â€Å"obligations† on the book publisher, namely, the creation of high quality and, importantly, an exciting print product for children, corresponding to their age group. Behind the mentioned characteristics, the comics embody a competent printing design to satisfy the curren t cognitive needs. Comics denote a series of pictures accompanied by short texts (phylacteries) framed in the shape of a cloud and transmitting the thought or speech of a character, which together implies a coherent story. In fact, the comic book represents a literary and artistic work consisting of a series of drawings and verbal constructions. In various countries, the comics have acquired its specificity and name based on the cultural heritage of the region: manga in Japan, fumetto (drawn stories) in Italy, and drawn strips or BD (bande dessinà ©e) in France and Belgium. Also, the type adherence of the comics is influenced by its volumes: large-scale drawn stories pertain to the graphic novels, while the short stories are called stripes. There are comics without verbal accompaniment, the so-called â€Å"silent comics,† in which the narration is conducted only with the help of a drawing. Despite such a variety of comics, its components in the form of a book edition remain unchanged: The cover with the title, authors, and picture of the main character consists of two sheets: front and back; Frontispiece drawing: an introduction to the comic book; Title page: a brief introduction, information about the authors and artists; Central part: standard from twenty to forty pages, but depending on the type (for example, a graphic novel) there may be a greater or an unlimited number of pages; Pin-Up Page: additions to the comic book, often alternative coverage options. An analysis of publications on this topic has shown that comics are viewed as a historical, social, and cultural phenomenon or a form of language learning and the basis for countless movies during the past decades. It should be remarked that the question of the study of comics as a genre of literature has not been sufficiently considered, despite the recent increase in popularity among readers of all ages, and especially among the younger generation. It was the impetus for the introduction of the comic book into practical activity in socially critical spheres, despite the primary entertainment function of this genre of literature. Like any cultural phenomenon, the comics have its history and an extensive period of the emergence of graphics and later book art in the world culture. The rock art, murals, and popular prints (the technique of woodcuts, engravings on copper; image with a signature, characterized by simplicity and accessibility of images) could be considered as the progenitors of the comic books. The comics were first published by William Hogarth, the English painter and founder of the socio-critical trend in European art that managed to create a dramatic story via drawing in the eighteenth century. Additionally, Hogarth introduced the concept of seriality in the comics. Besides, the first sample of this graphic prose belongs to Thomas Rowlandson that created a series of comics about the adventures of Dr. Syntax (1812-1821), attracting significant attention of the audience. However, Geneva teacher, graphic artist, and novelist Rodolphe Tà ¶pffer is considered the first author working in the form of modern comics. Topfer created history in prints for his students in the design of an album of drawings (1830-1846) for better assimilation of educational material about the adventures of Mr. Jabot and Mr. Crepin (Walkley 106). It was a bright start for the genre. The Comics Evolvement into a Special Cultural Genre The succeeding stage in the spread of the comics is inextricably linked with the U.S. publishing business of the late nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. Jimmy Swinnerton, the contributor of the prestigious American magazine The San Francisco Examiner, included â€Å"The Little Bears† story in the 1892 edition, which later became the first American comic strip. Subsequently, the editors of the issue started to collaborate with many talented artists, making comics its main trump card to attract readers: on the pages of daily and Sunday newspapers there began to appear stories about a little boy in a yellow suit (by Richard Outcault) which compiled a series called Hogan’s Alley (McAllister, Sewell Jr, and Gordon 1). Admitting the popularity of the comics, the chief publisher William R. Hearst has decided to change the printing technology to increase the number of colored pages with the comics. The subsequent stages of the development of the comics as an independent genre can be briefly described as follows: The Golden Age (1930-1950): the first steps in the progress of graphic novels, the founding of DC Comics, the transition from humorous stories to superheroic epic and narration of new world, namely the creation of such characters as Superman, Batman, and Captain America as a means of maintaining the spirit during the military conflicts; Silver Age (from the 1950s to 1970s): the appearance of the new Flash character; the active work of the Marvel company in the face of Stan Lee, Steve Ditko, and Jack Kirby who created famous comic book heroes of all times Fantastic Four, X-Men, Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, and Spider-Man; Bronze Age (from the 1970s to 1985): the comic book plots are becoming more realistic for the adult audience of readers, referring to the current social problems such as bad habits and nature conservation; the death of Gwen Stacy (the beloved one of Spider-Man) as the main event of this period; Modern Century (middle of the 1980s till present): the saturation of realistic dark scenes, the emergence of more anti-heroes, the increased popularity of Asian comics genres. The latter include Japanese manga, Chinese manhua, and Korean manhwa in connection with numerous manga film versions in the form of anime (Japanese multiplication genre). The period also includes the emergence of webcomics and publications on the Internet, the establishing of the basis of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) as the screen version of the famous comic book series (Yockey 225). It is worth noting that in the twentieth and twenty-first-century the comics grew into a massive tree of genre illuminations, being adjacent with the fiction on the publishing market regarding its structure. Here fantasy, mysticism, romance, and the adventures of superheroes coexist and imply a multidimensional space for the artistic imaginations and the next plot decisions. The Visual-Functional Potential of Comics in Social-Pedagogical Sphere Despite the uniformity in the design and composition of the main elements of the publication but multidimensional thematic differences of comics, the synthesis of narration and graphics remains unchanged. It gives reliable support and variability of the use of this literary genre in various fields, primarily pedagogy, philology, and social-pedagogical activity. Children’s perception and understanding of reality are different from an adult’s version, so teachers try to provide educational material as clearly as possible taking into account the characteristics of the child’s psyche, particularly the lack of skills to fix attention. Visualization and figurativeness of comics make it possible to concentrate attention, to convey the necessary material as concisely and structurally as possible. In particular, this approach is productively implemented in the teaching of foreign languages. Furthermore, it is possible to put forward the assumption that comics can be practiced in English lessons in elementary school as a means of teaching under certain conditions. The main argument in favor of this thesis is compliance with the interests and mental characteristics of children of primary school age. Its application can be an effective means of forming the mechanisms of English speech in students (especially if it is not the first language), providing that the specific features of their mental development and psyche are taken into account. Considering not only the visual potential of the comics in pedagogy, but also its informational content, the French comic series Asterix designates one of the best examples that focus on building syntax, using original dialogues, copyright recitatives, and specially simplified construction of words in offers. The pattern of this series shows the whole range of possibilities of the comics as an additional tool in learning a foreign langua ge at the elementary level. The Connection between Comics and Cinema Comics were initially conceived as an entertaining genre, but despite this fact, it began to be used in various fields of activity as a vivid example to motivate the solution of socially significant problems. The socio-pedagogical movement has an extensive area of work with the use of multiple methods and techniques. At the same time, the cultural function of comics in relation to the cinema genre could not be ignored. The unconditional link â€Å"cinema-comics† is visible to the audience. The comics became the basis for creating a particular type of films. For sure, the meeting of cinema with comics was inevitable due to genetic relatedness. The anatomical outline of a comic book is nothing more than a director’s storyboard; the pairing of characters, the dialogue duel and the open finale, which implies seriality, are all composite signs of the comics. Such a complementarity of the two genres of art confirms the narrative nature of the comic book, makes it possible to use it in its activities fully. For example, teachers of literature, using screen versions of literary works as an innovative technology in pedagogy, can show the invariance of the presentation of the masterpieces of world literature. Throughout its long history, the comics have experienced multiple transformations from primitive paintings to full-fledged forms of art, printing, and ultimately cinematography. The way to improve the form and content coincided with the needs of society for almost two hundred years. Initially, comics were considered as entertainment for the masses, a way of raising the spirit and agitation. Eventually, its real potential was recognized as a vivid example in the activities of such fields as pedagogy and social movement, taking forms of applications for the benefit of children’s comprehensive development. Overall, the comics can be attributed to the literature for any age, but preferably children. The potential of the comics is impossible to be delineated with boundaries, and in the future, it will be used in ascending progress as in graphic print form and movies. The present research essay sample covers one of the most current and popular subjects the history of the comics genre. It implies all the parts essential for the mentioned academic form of work. Also, there is presented an analytical view on the subject past, present, and future potential for not merely entertaining but educational purpose. Thus, choosing popular research essay topics, following the format instructions and utilization of the scholarly literature is a secret to the excellent quality of research essay. Hope this sample gives useful guidance on how to write the highest mark paper. McAllister, Matthew P., Edward H. Sewell Jr, and Ian Gordon. â€Å"Introducing Comics and Ideology.† Comics and Ideology (2001): 1-13. Walkley, Maxwell. â€Å"Rodolphe Tà ¶pffer (1799-1846): A Swiss Satirist of French Society and Culture.† Arts: The Journal of the Sydney University Arts Association 20 (2012): 106-122. Yockey, Matt, ed. Make Ours Marvel: Media Convergence and a Comics Universe. University of Texas Press, 2017.

Critical article about LEADERSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critical article about LEADERSHIP - Essay Example The first part of the debate is whether leaders are born innately or if leaders are developed. Some theories point out that some people might be born with the innate ability to command and influence others. This describes what has become known as the Trait theory. With a biological basis, it states that people possess certain traits. Some of these traits in which we are born with make us more suitable leaders than others (Day p262-265). Thus, those with the correct combination of traits will become leaders in society. Also, the Great Man theory states that great leaders will be born when there is a need for them. Others point out that as we develop as humans, our natural leadership abilities require training and fostering. This is the Behavioral theory and it talks specifically how leadership is a learned process rather than an acquired trait. Since leadership can be taught, this allows the person to develop traits that he/she deems will be important in the course of leadership devel opment (Griffin & Moorhead p311-312). It is a combination of both. Rather than have just one theory explain the entire aspect, it is acceptable to take in the fact that either one could be used to describe how leadership skills are created. One of the important concepts to address regarding leadership theory is to evaluate the skills that are essential for leadership. The first and utmost important skill is in communication. Communication skills are necessary for the leader to communicate his/her ideas to his/her subordinates. This is essential if the leader and the followers are going to function together in a cohesive manner. The second important skill of leadership is the power of delegation. As a leader, it is sometimes impossible to cover goals and challenges by yourself. Teamwork and delegation are needed to solve this. Delegation involves a leader giving up some of his/her power or influence in order to ensure that multiple tasks get done. The final essential skill of leaders hip is cultural competency. In the globalized economy, leaders are constantly facing encounters with people of different races, cultures, ideals, etc. As a leader, it might be necessary to work with someone who does not share the same values as you. As a result, you need to learn to have acceptance as well as understanding which are the foundation and underlying themes of cultural competency. The first main theory is that of transactional leadership. Transactional leadership is often seen in the educational and economical context. It relies on the exchange of both punishments and reinforcements in order to attain goals (Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas p155). In psychology, punishments are meant to decrease a behavior. Positive punishment is when you increase a negative stimulus in order to decrease a certain type of behavior. Negative punishment is when you decrease a stimulus in order to cause a decrease of a certain type of behavior. For example, if an employee is late the manager can ch oose to decrease his salary in an attempt to decrease his tardiness. Reinforcements are meant to increase a behavior which a person has deemed valuable. Positive reinforcement is increasing a stimulus in order to cause an increase in desired behavior. In the educational setting, a professor will give a student who deserves a good grade an â€Å"A† and hopefully this will encourage the increased academic effort put forth by the student.

Assess the state of learning and development in your chosen Essay

Assess the state of learning and development in your chosen organisation - Essay Example It is essential to note that workers must have qualities to adopt any kind of environment in addition to enhancing their skills. Through the specialized training provided by learning and development (L&D) as well as proper guidance, employee’s performance is significantly achieved. In this regard, there is need for managers to be thoroughly experienced in executing development strategies. While learning is a continuous process that aims at shaping up the skills that are hidden within an employee, development is a process that is focused at growing personal skills in order to rise the degree of knowledge among the employees (Rae, 2001). This paper aims at candidly assessing the state of learning and development strategies emulated by Apple incorporation, an international company that specializes in the production and marketing of personal computers, consumers electronics as well computer software. Despite the stiff competition that Apple Company has faced from its rivals that include IBM and Microsoft, its innovation and learning culture has significantly contributed to the improved performance in the technology industry. Being headquartered in Cupertino, California, Apple has instigated a number of learning programs under the leadership of the former CEO Steve Jobs. One of the major strategies that Apple has adopted in its operations is recruitment of excellent and talented executives. In addition, the company has adopted a key L&D strategy that entails creation of a learning environment through the use of tools such as self direction, lectures, training among other learning programs (Gibb, 2008). In its day to day operations, Apple Company through its management team has initiated cognitive as well as behavioural approaches as major learning and development strategies. In this way, the company has encouraged effective communication between junior employees and the top manag ement. Another

Eco-Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Eco-Design - Essay Example emerging and competing in the global market, has put a severe strain on the available natural resources and the idea of creating a environment friendly product has been relegated to the background. The three basic issues that an eco-design addresses are (1) The new age customer is getting more information regarding the dangers of environment pollution. He is thus getting more informed regarding the choices he can make while selecting a product. Thus he is able to demand products that are safe and environment friendly which leads to a direct pressure on companies to come up with innovative and eco-friendly solutions to their products. (2) A government that is sensitive to the concerns of the environment shall bring out laws, stipulations and guidelines within which a product needs to function. Adherence to these guidelines necessitates manufacturers to refine and tune their product development strategies. Some of the notable international laws and regulations include the Hazardous Waste Act of Australia(1989) & the ‘Export and Import of Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Recyclable Material(2005) of Canada .(Eco-Design: European State of the Art, 2007) (3) The industry in itself tries to own up to its responsibility and moral obligation of providing its customers with products that are clean and which are within the framework of being called ecologically sustainable (1) The process of developing eco-designs presents the design team and ultimately the manufacturer a host of opportunities to try out new variants of designs that serve to work out economically as well. (2) A rethink of the design aspect right from its inception stage may lead to an overall improvement in quality of the product. Apart from being in sync with the environment the overall efficiency of the product might increase leading to a win-win situation. The Eco-Design concept that has been formulated and developed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) formulates a

G.C.S.E. English Coursework Macbeth Essay Example for Free

G.C.S.E. English Coursework Macbeth Essay Assignment title: (5) Fair is foul and foul is fair. Show how this image recurs and develops through the play. Throughout the tragedy, the theme entitled fair is foul and foul is fair, is key to the plays success and dramatisation, as it both recurs and develops as the play continues. The fore mentioned words are used by and against the key characters in the play, as Shakespeare uses his language to portray the theme and characters. The witches are key in performing the appearance versus reality theme. This major theme is first brought on in the first scene of the play, with the spooky, disturbing, oxymoronic verse culminating in Hover through the fog and filthy air, which explains Shakespeares intentions for the plot and deeper metaphors and echoes through to act five. The blatant opener is much like the oxymoron of I.3, lesser than Macbeth, and greater, which appears impossible, but sets the later scenes in which Banquo meets his end; because Banquo is lesser when he dies, but will be greater because of his fantastic devotion to good, and he shalt get kings, showing Shakespeares desire to impress James I, the possible seed of Banquo, in his theatre. It is clear that, by Hecats rhyming speech in III.5, strength of their illusion, that the fiends whole purpose and method is to deceive people like the literate Macbeth by situations appearing to mean certain things, but in reality meaning something totally different. This clever characteristic is also displayed by the apparitions: the third real or hallucinative metaphor, Be lion-mettled, tells Macbeth of the seemingly impossible move of Birnan Wood the high Dunsinane Hill that they speak of is the only way in which to kill Macbeth, and the English pick up the wood as a simple, proverbial but deadly i mportant battle tactic. The genius playwright shows subtly and brilliantly the innocent appearing child holding a tree, giving the rapt main character a clue to the ironic developments. The equivocal meanings along with the ever-present personification, Who chaves, who frets, would excite the audience and provide excellent entertainment. Also in the apparition scene, it seems that the masters are thought by Macbeth to tell him convivial news, but in fact they bring the disagreeable kind after the rhyming first head, beware Macduff! Dismiss me, enough., has deemed the tragic hero in this typically beautiful narrative, but what Macbeth does not know is that that what the bloody child said about his fate none of woman born shall harm Macbeth, which sends Shakespeare into his ride into the clouds incorporating the usual elaborate metaphors, a bond of fate, sleep in spite of thunder when the fantastical plot of Macduffs Caesarean section sees Macduff as the one with the powers, when he eventually kills the tot ally believing Macbeth. Shakespeare develops the character of Macbeth as a study of the supernatural when what seems like a worthless guess by three old hags, This supernatural soliciting, turns out, not only to be true, but doubtfully veracious in Macbeths mind from the very off, when even he does not know whether it is fair or foul, cannot be good, cannot be ill, in his oxymoronic evaluation of the words of the witches beforehand, creating dramatic Irony. Banquo is the contrast of this with his steadfast righteousness, to betrays in deepest consequence., but the evil predictions turn out to be true in Shakespeares idealistic plot, (to follow James Is views in his book, demonology) as the demons drive him to the highs of monarchy and all the way back down again. The soliloquies of Macbeth provide us with excellent insight into this well developed theme. He openly admits he himself is performing his own fair/foul deeds, Hes here in double trust, as what seems to be a feast for Kind Duncan, turns out to be his own murder as Macbeth describes the apocalyptic imagery, tears shall drown the wind, which he sees in the future, after his equivocal change from polysyllabic to monosyllabic words, Commends the ingredience, naked new-born babe, where Shakespeare cannot decide whether to be literally superb or to concentrate on his plot and echoes. This is developed again by the poet in the next act when it moves on from the simple, deceiving act of treachery, to disguise of evil, covering up true nature, Nature seems dead, where the malevolence is personified and Tarquins ravishing strides bury the seemingly irrepressible mother nature into the ground, as the audience are whiteness to the scene as a dilemma when Macbeth turns into the depraved, perfidious side of him. Macbeth is so rapt at the apparitions scene that he continues to use his poetic licence to great effect as, even when he is shocked, he continues to rearrange the two opposites while using alliteration to its fullest, blood-boltered Banquo. He continues in the exact same state of mind in the following pages, as Shakespeare develops Macbeth as an assertive, yet easily persuaded character, when the minor Lennox receives the same attention as the rest none The castle of Macduff I will surprise, as he ponders on how to kill the feared Macduff: Ironic because he hol ds the opinion that Macduff is foul, although he is fair and he believes the witches speak fairly, but their intentions are very foul. Much like in IV.1, Macbeth performs a soliloquy in his distressed state of mind while Seyton is present, in V.1. The theme is much more developed here where the philosophical Shakespeare tells his now entranced audience that Lifes but a walking shadow, displaying Macbeths depression, followed by his metaphorical, negative description, Struts and frets, of a thing that is thought of as virtuous by the majority of people. This comes after the so- called bad news of his wifes death, but he seems to think that a foul thing like that seems quite fair, She should have died hereafter, even though he appears as the other, sympathetic half of himself, find her disease, before again changing disposition, Would scour these English hence, where he self-centred like concentrates on his own, fragile destiny, as Shakespeare plays around and jumbles the character of Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is an excellent example of the fair/foul theme. She is a lady and is thought to be a kind, loving and lady-like, but her dramatic, alliterative entrance in I.5, And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers, is the real Lady Macbeth, while the play write shows superbly how she is seeming to be fair in front of guests, Look to the lady, but in fact she is the real villain of the play, tormenting the audience and every-ones innocent ignorance of women. The theme is somewhat reversed towards the end of the script because Shakespeare with his depraved repetition, To bed, to bed, to bed has not made Lady Macbeth such an enemy to his enthralled audience, that they cant really feel sorry a little for her illness, This disease is beyond my practice, as she becomes more fair in the juggled end of the play. The wife of Macbeth also appears un-hurting, senseless and cruel, before we see the start of her more fair side in II.2, Had he not resembled I had donet, as the writer teases the audience with his confusing, twisting plot and monosyllabic dialogues. She repeats a more feeble side of herself in a more complex way as the play develops, dwell in doubtful joy, and she becomes a weaker character. Her contributions to the fair foul/foul theme change as she slowly becomes less of a villain, but her grip on her husband gets much weaker, Be innocent of the knowledge dearest chuck, as he becomes more of the evil one, whilst continuing to use oxymoronic personification, Light thickens, because before, he was looking to be just deception intended by the witches, In their newest gloss, where the lady attacks Macbeths masculinity, then you were a man, but in the second and third murders, a brave man being brought down by the witches. Lady Macbeth is also a great believer in the theme as a disguise for the couples actions, Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent undert, as the great, evil mind of the lady, developed very early on in the play, plots to kill the king. She and him both exhibit their earlier intentions after the murder, outrun the pauser reason, and What, in our house, when suitably the predictions by the witches to be literal and an excuse to gain power, but the bad acting would show off Shakespeares talent of producing dramatic irony, frustration and repetition to show women as being insignificant, O Banquo, Banquo! Our royal masters murdered, which he does throughout the play. In the murder of Duncan, Lady Macbeth has an important role, as her argumentative side is apparent. This is so because she is taking the predictions by the witches to be literal and an excuse to gain power, but the well educated Macbeth sees the foul deception by the witches, In their newest gloss, where the lady attacks Macbeths masculinity, then you were a man, but in the second and third murders the she has no involvement. He dismisses her with his over stunning oxymoron, restless ecstasy, and alliterative metaphors, lifes fitful fever, so Shakespeare can show off to James I. The hallucinations of particularly Macbeth display the appearance versus reality theme because the objects appear, but are not reality. The dagger, well portrayed by some productions as a shadow, is the first time that Macbeth begins to hallucinate. His rapt, overpowered state of mind is skilfully shown by Shakespeare to provide us with apocalyptic imagery personified, fatal vision, and the thought that a fal se creation could turn a seemingly fair fate into such a foul ending. When the blood and gore become a reality, the cry of women, Untimely ripped, and Macbeth meets his sword-shaped death, which he speaks of in that soliloquy, moves like a ghost, as personification and simile spell out the real fate. At the turning point of the play, III.4, it is questionable whether Macbeth is hallucinating or not. This is still a good example of the fair /foul theme because Banquos death was supposed to be a good thing for Macbeth, but it turned out to be bad, whether in the mind of Macbeth (maybe through the witches speculative powers) or as the genuine ghost that is scripted by Shakespeare, with some in-appropriate, pretty language. The ghost of Banquo represents the change of feelings, of and towards the Macbeth couple, because Macbeth is sent into an even more psychotic, but still repetitive rapture, It will have blood, they say; blood will have blood, while the innocent flower withers and dies and havoc and evil reign in his kingdom, turned wild in nature, but l ady Macbeth becomes seriously mentally ill. At the start of act five, it is lady Macbeths turn to be hallucinatory. In scene one of that act, she admits she is really the evil one, as she was the one who projected the idea of a wolf in sheeps clothing, although disguised by Macbeths polysyllabic personification, Be bright and jovial among your guests tonight, and she ends up as the wolf. Shakespeare attempts to redeem her and not leave her on such a sour note as Macbeth, but possessive, selfish, un-dignified metaphors, Hell is murky, All the perfumes of Arabia, only drive the indifferent, spoilt character more into the role as the villain, before Macbeth kills mercilessly. Dramatic Irony shows the theme superbly because the audience can know of the truth while the characters do not. We first see Macbeth as being fouler than we originally thought when he initially makes his metaphorical lies. The now persuaded and focused Macbeth uses Shakespeares dramatic irony as the audience are aware of his thoughts as he deceives the righteous Banquo, I think not of them, when he first shows the audience that he is a traitor, while the killed traitor was replaced by him. When the play has turned against Macbeth, so has the dramatic irony. We heard in V.4 that the prophecy of the witches has deceived Macbeth and the Bard so comically yet sincerely with his own metaphors shows Macbeth hearing the news, The wood began to move, where the tragic hero is told of a seemingly fair protection against death, turned foul against him into certain fate. The tone is not such a happy and pleased one in IV.3. We can imagine the audience distraught and upset when the unfortunate Macduff is first lied to by Ross, but then the news breaks. Shakespeare increases the tragedy by Ross equivocal words They were well at peace to increase the dramatic irony before he sickens the audience with his blunt upheaval of alliterative comparison, your wife and babes savagely slaughtered, drawing people away from the idea that death is rest, first touched upon by the mercurial Macbeth. The disturbed Shakespeare is very obsessed the death of young characters. The people visiting the play will be very distressed by the playwrights veracity to beguiled murderers as first a small boy is brutally hacked down by the assassins, He has killed me mother, (and even he can use metaphor, shag-haired villain) followed by a teenager losing his life in vain, Thou liest, abhorred tyrant!, as the bewitched main character goes on his last run. This shows dramatic irony because we already know that only one of women born shall harm Macbeth so Shakespeare shows off his literary skills as the characters in Macbeth show their true states of mind through their language. Virtually the whole play contains the fair/foul theme; from the very first scene, until the moment in which Macbeth dies. As his evil world disintegrates, Malcolm concludes saying that righteousness is returned and the end of Macbeth signals the absence appearance versus reality, That fled the snares of watchful tyranny, and that Scotland will continue under his reign and significantly, James Is. He believes that Macbeth was not the totally guilty one, Of this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen, but the dead Lady is. Shakespeare must end the play relevant especially to James I, as a happy ending because the king would not like to see his fears the witches win or his possible ancestors lose.

Social Support for Subjective well-being of Prisoners

Social Support for Subjective well-being of Prisoners THE DIFFERENT ROLES OF SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR SUBJECTIVE WELL BEING PRISONERS MEN AND WOMEN IN THE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS CLAS II.A YOGYAKARTA Abstract In order to find a pattern form of guidance for prisoners, men and women, as mandated by Republic Act 1995, Article 14, paragraph 1 12 on the rights of prisoners, and also in accordance with the principles of the UN General Assembly Resolution 43/173 on dated December 9, 1988, for the protection of all persons, including those in the Correctional Institution, then the coaching program at the Correctional Institution in men and women inmates to be distinguished. It is important to know how much the role of social support on the level of Subjective Well Being (SWB) men and women inmates. Subjects of this study amounted to 93 inmates from the Correctional Institution Class II.A Yogyakarta, which consisted of 70 men and 23 women. Measuring tool used to uncover SWB, that uses Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) of Dieneret al. (1985), and Social Support Scale were aspects of it refers to the opinion of Safiro (2000). The method of data analysis, this research using t-test analysis techniq ues and product moment correlation. From the results of research can be concluded that: (1) the role of social support on SWB level of 8.82% to the overall male and female subjects, 12.96% in male subjects, and by 2.1% in female subjects; (2) On the whole subject of men and women, there are three factors that affect the level of social support SWB significantly, ie emotional support, Informational Support and Support Social Network; (3) There is no difference in the level of social support and SWB in male and female subjects. Keywords: Subjective Well Being (SWB), Social Support, Men and Women Inmates Introduction The law No. 12 1995 Article 1, paragraph 2, about the rights of prisoners, and the principles of the UN General Assembly Resolution 43/173 on December 9, 1988, mandated to protect all people, including those in Correctional Institution, and required their efforts to improve the quality of life of the inmates in the correctional system, so that when they are back to mingle with the public, they will be able to show the characteristics of individuals who have high quality of life. According to Cummings (1997), individuals who have a high quality of life will feel their subjective well- being (Subjective Well-being is abbreviated as SWB). SWB is ones judgment about his life, that he is more satisfied and happier, although he still has a bit of unhappiness, so that this condition is indicated by higher feeling of happiness compared to the feeling of unhappiness, and expressed by the satisfaction of his life (Diener in Philips, 2008). As an effort to achieve criminal implementation that i s effective and efficient so the inmates can have high quality of life, The Penitentiary can divide its development by category, based on age or sex (Harsono 1995). It is also in accordance with the set in Constitution no12 in 1995 about Correctional article(12) paragraph (1), that in order to provide guidance to inmates in prisons, classification is conducted based on age, sex, length of punishment, type of crime, and another criteria which suits the needs and development. Although women is realized to have psychological needs which are different than men, prisons class IIA in Yogyakarta do not specialize them as prisons for certain sex, so men and women are all in the prison environment, although they are put in a separate place. Because of the special needs of women and men are different, it is necessary to know whether there are SWB differences between the two sexes, as the basis for the design of male and female inmates development program. From research of Sahrah et al., (2011, 2013) to the inmates in prisons of class IIA Yogyakarta, stated that the factors of religiosity, self-confidence, the meaningfulness of life, emotional maturity, social support, perception of the physical condition of the environment, and the coping strategies are the factors that affect SWB inmates. It is also concluded that among the seven factors, meaningfulness of life, self-esteem, and social support are the factors that are very significant to inmatesSWB. Factors of meaningfulness of life and self-confidence are individual factors, while social support factors are contextual factors that mostly can be manipulated structurally by the prisons as the institution responsible for training during the serving time. Hence, it is needed to know how big the role of social support on the level of subjective well-being of the men and women prisoners. Subjective Well Being Men and Women Prisoners Inmates are convicts serving the criminal who lost independence in Prisons (Law No: 12 Th. 1995 ps.1 paragraph 7). Convicted person is a person convicted by a court decision that has permanent legal power (Indonesian Lawyear. 1995 Ps 1, paragraph 6). According to Rahardjo (1996) to treat inmates, necessary foundation of the correctional system that guarantees the rights of prisoners is certainly needed. To view the success or failure of the development patterns conducted by the officers (walinapi) to inmates, it can be seen whether the officers actually pay attention to the rights of prisoners or not, though, in this case prisoners should also be aware of the obligations that must be fulfilled. Associated with SWB, various studies that have been done by UMBY (University of MercuBuana Yogyakarta) show that there are problems related to subjective well-being of prisoners. This is reinforced by the results of research Indiyah (2001) that there are seven unfulfilled needs in inmates, they are, the need to get a sense of security, the need of conform, the need to deepen the religion, the need to make life more meaningful, needs to boost confidence, the need to obtain additional knowledge, and need to be received by the community and the family after the completion of the criminal. Research conducted by Iswandari and Indiyah (2007) showed that inmates have problems with social adjustment. Further research and Lailatushifah Lestari (2008) also found that inmates susceptible to depression. From the research findings, it shows an indication towards a low Subjective Welfare on inmates. Subjective well-being is an individual evaluation of a situation or a longer period of his life, including his past. The evaluation covers the emotional reaction to a situation, mood and assessment of the inmates life, fulfillment, and satisfaction with marriage and work (Diener, et al., 2003). Moreover, Philips (2008) states that SWB is more complex than just happiness. Factors that influence SWB are the factor of religiosity, confidence, emotional maturity, the meaningfulness of life, social support, physical environment (Kin Nesselroade, 2003), coping strategies (Philips 2008), destination image (Sahrah, 2014b), the strategy of collaborative conflict resolution (Sahrah, 2014a). The social support factor is a factor that is proven to be directly related and positively related and significantly associated with SWB in addition to the meaningfulness of life (Sahrah, et al., 2011, 2013). In this study, it is realized that there are possible differences of the inmate needs of men and women, therefore, this study is focused on the SWB of the inmates in terms of gender and their perceptions of social support given by the walinapi as prisons officer who is responsible to provide guidance to inmates. Social Support of theWalinapi Johnson Johnson (2000) suggest that social support is the exchange of resources with a view to improve the welfare and exisence of others who can be asked for help, encouragement, acceptance, and attention, and when experiencing difficulties. Social support can be defined as a sense of acceptance, care, appreciation or assistance received by a person from another person or group (Sarafino, 2004). Cohen and Mc Kay; Wills (1984) distinguishes five types of social support, namely: (1) Emotional Support. In this aspect, it includes the expression of empathy, concern, and attention to the person concerned. This support requires the provision of a sense of comfort, peace of heart, and feeling loved for someone who has it. (2) Support of award. This aspect is going through a positive appreciation for the individuals concerned, encouragement or approval with ideas or feelings of the individual and the individual positive comparison with others. (3) Instrumentalsupport. These aspects include direct assistance to the form of services, time, and money. (4) Support for information. This aspect includes giving advice, instructions, advice, information, and feedback. (5) Support for social networks. These aspects include the feeling of membership in a group. Social networking support is a sense of membership in a group, sharing the fun and social activities. Research Methods The independent variables are the Social Support and sex while the dependent variable is Subjective Well Being (SWB). The subjects of this study are 93 prisoners, consisting of 70 men and 23 women. The Selection of the research subject is done by using purposive random sampling method. The characteristics of the study subjects are: (1) Convict Prison Class IIA Yogyakarta; (2) Minimum term punishment of three years; (3) Minimum education of elementary school, and can read and write well. The methods of data collection is using a scale, which includes the Scale to reveal SWB Prisoners and Social Support Scale. The scale to reveal SWB of the inmates using SWLS scale of life satisfaction from Diener et al. (1985), based on the scale of the life satisfaction measured by the cognitive component of life satisfaction, and the scale is expected to produce a statement that is integrated on how a persons life runs. The rials can shows that the validity of the total valid item (with a range between a coefficient of 0494-0688) is reliable (coefficient Alpha Conbrach of 0819). The Social Support Scale consists of 50 items. After the trial, it shows that the total item os the coefficient which is corrected is ranged between 0.275 to 0.713 and Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0,959. The method of data analysis used in this research is the analysis of independent samples t-test, and the product moment correlation. Table : Model Summary Mode l R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 ,340a ,116 ,096 5,75628 a. Predictors: (Constant), SS_TOT, SEX Results and Conclusions The study subjects was as many as 93 people consisting of 70 people (75.3%) males and 23 (24.7%) were females when viewed from the education level owned by inmates, the majority of inmates have a junior high school education (29%) and high school (45.2%), other elementary educational level, Diplomas, undergraduate and master degree. Each education level is still no more than 10%. Table 1: Coefficienta Subject N Coeff Coeff Square Sig. Male 70 .360 .1296 .001 Female 23 .145 .0210 .254 MaleFem ale 93 .297 .0882 .002 a. Dependent Variable: SWB b. Predictors: (Constant), Social Support (SS_TOT) From Table 1, it can be concluded that the role of the Social Support SWB level of 8.82% to the overall male and female subjects, whereas in male subjects alone amounted to 12.96%, and the female subjects only by 2.1%. However, the percentage difference in the role of social support to SWB in men and women when they are examined again can not be proven significantly. This can be seen by the gender variable in predicting SWB social support, as shown in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. In the third table, it can be seen that the role of gender and Social Support together in predicting SWB amounted to 11.6% (on a regression coefficient of .340, p 0.05) in predicting SWB. Table 3: ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares dfMean Square F Sig. Regression 389,489 2 194,745 5,877 ,004b 1 Residual 2982,124 90 33,135 Total 3371,613 92 Dependent Variable: SWB Predictors: (Constant), SS_TOT, SEX The insignificant sexedifference in predicting SWB, is also the evidence from calculations using independent sample t-test, that there is no difference in men and women in terms of their perceptions of social acceptance of support from the walinapi, and no difference of SWB in male and female subjects ( see table 5). Table 4: Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 6,806 4,083 1,667 ,099 1 SEX 2,300 1,383 -,165 1,663 ,100 SS_TOT ,050 ,017 ,298 3,005 ,003 a. Dependent Variable: SWB Table 5 : Social support difference SWBbased on SEX SEX N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean t-test p SS_TOT 1,00 70 220,2143 34,91932 4,17366 -,040 . ,968 2,00 23 220,5652 40,41582 8,42728 SWB 1,00 70 15,5000 6,03552 ,72138 1,582 .117 2,00 23 13,2174 5,90806 1,23192 If the views of the role of each factor of the social support component of the SWB on the entire male and female subjects, it can be concluded that there are three factors that affect the level of social support SWB significantly (p CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion From the results of research, it can be concluded that: (1) the role of social support on SWB level of 8.82% to the overall male and female subjects, 12.96% in male subjects, and by 2.1% in female subjects; (2) On the whole Table 6: The correlation of social support components withSWB SS S_Emo S_Exp S_Info S_Inst S_Net SWLS Pearson Correlation ,297** ,267** ,173 ,193 ,321** ,346** Sig. (2-tailed) ,004 ,010 ,097 ,064 ,002 ,001 N 93 93 93 93 93 93 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). SS: Social Support; S_Emo: Emotional Support; S_Exp: Expectation Support; S_Info: Information Support; S_Inst: Instrumental Support; S_Net: SocialNetwork Support. subject of men and women, there are three factors that affect the level of social support SWB significantly, ie emotional support, Informational Support and Support Social Network; (3) There is no difference in the level of social support and SWB in male and female subjects. Suggestion Although this study can not prove the existence of differences in social support and SWB by sex inmates, the Correctional Institution Class II A Wirogunan is expected to keep increasing the levels of walinapis ability to perform basic social support for prisoners, because it proves that the provision of social support can improve SWB of the inmates. In this case the expected social support of the inmates is the kind of emotional support, information support and social networking support.   REFERENCES Cohen. S. Mc Kay. 1984. 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