Within Essay Is An In Depth Nursing Analysis-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Inside This Essay Is An In-Depth Nursing Analysis? Answer: Introducation Inside this article is a top to bottom investigation of the instance of Rohan, a nine-year-old kid, experiencing type 1 diabetes mellitus as outlined in situation one of the errands. For Rohan to keep a human services and sound living as a sort 1 diabetes tolerant, he has downright needs that must be met. These necessities are among them social, social, and physical and mental desires. Because of his youthful age, he requires unique consideration when addressing these necessities in order to understand the planned sound and solid life rationale. Diabetes is an illness whose fix has not been set up yet and accordingly just requires appropriate administration and treatment. To become more advantageous, Rohan needs to get a lot of physical activities. The activity is significant in dealing with his condition(Boyd 2012, p. 167). Through physical exercise, his muscles and bones are fortified henceforth lessening the danger of coronary episode and other malignant growth types. Exercise would likewise assist him with increasing better continuance, coordination, quality, and equalization just as expanding the degrees of vitality. All things considered, physical exercise is significant in helping the exercises of insulin and glucose levels(Bulechek 2013, p. 268). Through exercise, Rohan will figure out how to deal with any types of pressure and strain he could be experiencing consequently enhancing his states of mind and empowering unwinding. In the social, social and mental viewpoints, Rohan requires support from both the relatives and his educators at school. The help ought to be as friendship just as such administrations as food. The help helps in managing any perplexing circumstances that may arise(Hanas 2010, p. 369). Such help is significant in the end of sentiments of social segregation of the kid by the relatives. Nursing care needs for Rohan In light of his wellbeing condition and the circumstance back at his home, the accompanying would be the needs of nursing care; Checking the glucose level: Rohans glucose level ought to be checked at any rate three times each day to determine that strength is kept up. The hours of check would be as guided by the medicinal services supplier. Not long before dinners, the glucose level should extend somewhere in the range of 90 and 130 mg/dL while it ought to somewhere in the range of 90 and 150 mg/dL when he is resigning to bed. Checks ought to likewise be accomplished for the nearness of ketone in his pee or blood(Hyde 2011, p. 547). For the instance of Rohan, he has low glucose levels and in the event that the sugar levels go underneath 70 mg/dL then a remedial measure ought to be received. The measures would incorporate eating nourishments that are wealthy in calories for instance foods grown from the ground items. Following the dinner plan of the youngster: Rohan had a diabetes diet plan from the clinician which is infrequently seen since his family is veggie lover. In the nursing care needs in would be principal in clinging to the feast plan as gave by the human services supplier. The supper plan is helpful in keeping the glucose level of the youngster consistent and in this manner the nursing care would guarantee the kid doesn't skirt any dinners. Taking insulin without eating may prompt the glucose levels dropping excessively low. In following the supper plan as gave by the specialist it is critical to monitor the dietary admission of starch and sugar nourishments, give him high-fiber nourishments and low-sodium and low-fat food sources. These nourishments hold under control the insulin levels(Boyd 2012, p. 201). Exercise: through exercise, his glucose level balances out henceforth it is critical to urge Rohan to practice for in any event one hour for most of the week. The physical exercises would reinforce his bones and muscles. When the activity his glucose levels ought to be checked. This would help in deciding the wellbeing progress and any critical effects of the activity on his wellbeing. Physical exercise to a more noteworthy degree improves the wellbeing and prosperity of the patient both genuinely and intellectually as it assuages pressure and stress(Burns 2012, p. 455). Procedures for building up a confiding in relationship with Rohan At his youthful age, Rohan should be persuaded that what the specialists and the medical caretakers are offering him are the best answers for his issues. He might be having difficulties understanding his circumstance and in this manner it turns out to be very hard to persuade him that his malady isn't treatable. He is a school going kid and that interprets desires of different accomplishments in his future life. So as to build up a confiding in relationship while connecting with Rohan, these methodologies can be conveyed: Family inclusion: Making the nursing care benefits a greater amount of family-focused can possibly build up a trusting relationship(Fitzpatrick 2011, p. 654). Rohan, much the same as some other youngster, is increasingly acquainted with his relatives and accepts that whatever they do to him can't be with the expectation of hurting him. He would, in this manner, rush to change in accordance with the administration and care plans when offered from the relatives. The family is focal in offering social help that is extraordinarily required to oversee type 1 diabetes mellitus in youngsters. Through educational, enthusiastic and physical help that the family would offer, Rohan would discover an incentive in him by and by regardless of his clinical condition(Colgrove 2014, p. 584). The nuclear family and communications assume a job in deciding the drawn out results including practical, physiological and psychosocial results. This is on the grounds that the correspondence and collaboration designs in the family can advance somatization in youngsters. The guardians and the other relatives are also expected to be prepared in order to have the option to offer specialized skill bolster, for example, recording the glucose levels(Funnell 2015, p. 198). In this light, the relatives will have the option to have control of the ailment of their child. All these family infusions would fabricate trust and trust in Rohan with respect to the nature of clinical consideration he is accepting. Correspondence: Communication helps in building an association between the medical caretaker and the patient. Contributing little league to construct the compatibility with the patient impacts the degree of consistence and along these lines prompting positive consideration management(Guthrie 2014, p. 378). Much of the time, patients who do feel associated with their medical attendants never trust the administrations they are yet to get. What's more, consequently may not adhere to their directions. Through correspondence, Rohan would feel that he is comprehended and that the administrations he is accepting are to the best of his advantage. To improve the effect of the correspondence it is critical to incorporate the relatives too in this way establishing a relationship which depends on regard and trust. Through correspondence, the medical attendant would have the option to get more data about the patient including his side interests, or some other interests subsequently putting him at less tension and facilitating his visit to the attendant. Rohan would regard the medical attendant as a companion and a partner who comprehend his life from this communitarian approach. While administering the consideration or treatment designs, the patient ought to be deliberately tuned in to and his remarks reacted to in like manner in a way that guarantees he is persuaded and the certainty levels kept up high(Brook 2011, p. 530). Care Plan The nursing care plan for would be the hazard for shaky degrees of blood glucose. Precarious varieties in the glucose levels may enormously bargain the nature of wellbeing of the patient. Among the hazard factors for this consideration incorporate; Inability to watch the diabetes the board plan Stress Insufficient checking of blood glucose level Constrained information on the board of type 1 diabetes mellitus Dismissal of determination The hazard might be confirm by the blood glucose levels being lower than the ordinary levels as the instance of Rohan. The consideration plan focuses on: Keeping up the glucose levels at typical levels Recognizable proof the variables that may cause the low and flimsy degrees of blood glucose Make verbal an understanding of vitality needs and adjusting the body Verbalizing plans in the adjustment of the hazard factors which would, thusly, forestall moves in the degrees of glucose The nursing mediation is assess the dangers elements to unsteady degrees of glucose just as help the patient in thinking of instruments for forestalling flimsy glucose levels(Hyde 2011, p. 666). In assessing the dangers that add to unsteady glucose levels, factors that may prompt the flimsy levels in the patient would be resolved. These components may incorporate such hazard factors as any history of poor control of glucose, family ancestry of diabetes, poor dietary patterns and absence of activity/poor exercise propensities. The social and strict impact of Rohan on his eating routine would too be significant in deciding the hazard factors. How much capable the patient is to his own medicinal services will aid the improvement of the social insurance plan. The arrangement would consider his dietary practices in accordance with his strict and social practices(Hanas 2010, p. 690). In helping the patient with preventive systems against shaky blood glucose levels, seeing if the patient can utilize the glucose observing gadget is significant. The checking gadget is utilized in deciding the degrees of glucose and when appropriately utilized it helps in distinguishing when the degrees of glucose become unstable(Kuiper 2016, p. 715). The patient would likewise be taught on the need to adjust physical exercise and admission of food which help in restraining unexpected ascent or fall in glucose levels. An audit of the admission of starches helps in balancing out the glucose levels. The adequacy of the nursing care plan is subject to the result with respect to the wellbeing of the patient. The arrangement would in this way be successful if the ideal results are acknowledged and the patient life improves. References Boyd, MA 2012, Psychiatric Nursing: Contempor

Apush Explorers and Revolutionary War free essay sample

French traveler that investigated the Great Lakes, the Mississippi River, and he Gulf of Mexico 4. Stronghold Nicenessâ ¶y g. After Washington and his men terminated and slaughtered some French soldiers and their pioneer outside of Fort Duquesne, Washington set up hurriedly built breastworks called Fort Necessity h. Following a ten hour attack, he had to give up his whole order in July 1754, however was allowed to walk his men away with the full distinctions of war 5. The French and Indian War/7 Years War I. The fourth Anglo-French battle j.It was battled in America and in Europe, the West Indies, the Philippines, Africa, and in the sea k. In Europe, the rule foes were Britain ND Prussia against France, Spain, Austria and Russia l. France squandered such a large number of troops in Europe that it couldn't send adequate help to the provinces 6. General Edward Bradford m. Multi year old official that was knowledgeable about European fighting n. He was sent to Virginia with a solid separation of British soldiers o. In the wake of rummaging sparse supplies from the pilgrims, he set out in 1755 with 2 thousand men to catch Fort Duquesne p.Most of his power comprised of not well restrained provincial minute men q. Burdocks campaign moved gradually on the grounds that they needed to drag overwhelming mounted guns r. A couple of miles from the fortification, Bradford experienced an a lot littler power of French and Indians, yet they ran into the shrubberies and emptied a dangerous fire into the positions of the redcoats s. Washington came to Burdocks associate t. Bradford was mortally injured and the British power was directed after awful misfortunes 7. General James Wolfe and the Battle of Quebec u. 32 years of age and had been an official since age 14 v.He sent a separation up an inadequately monitored piece of the rough greatness ensuring Quebec w. They scaled the precipice and before breakfast, the 2 armed forces confronted each other on the Plains of Abraham on the edges of Quebec He fell lethally injured after the fight, however the French were crushed and the city gave up 8. The Peace of Paris of 1763 y. French force was thrown totally off the mainland of North America z. The French were permitted to hold a few little however important sugar islands in the West Indies, and two islets in the Gulf of SST.Lawrence for angling stations {. France surrendered to Spain, all trans-Mississippi Louisiana in addition to New Orleans l. Spain offered Florida to Britain for Cuba where Havana had fallen into British arms 9. Boss Pontiac War y. Pontiac drove a few clans remembering a bunch of French dealers for a merciful crusade to drive the British out of Ohio nation Pontiac war attacked Detroit in the spring of 1 763 because of an adversary chieftain and overran everything except 3 of the British posts west of the Appalachians, executing 2000 troopers and pilgrims CLC.The British fought back by pursuing a crude natural fighting where one British directed arranged covers tainted with little pox to be disseminated among the Indians . This squashed the uprising and carried an uncomfortable détente to the outskirts Pontiac kicked the bucket in 1769 at the hands off opponent chieftain 10. The Proclamation of 1 763 . It straight denied settlement in the region past the Appalachians, finishing further modifications . This record was not expected to abuse the pilgrims by any stretch of the imagination, however to work out the Indian issue decently and forestall another grisly emission like Pontiac uprising Chapter 7 1.The Navigation Acts: a. Passed by Parliament in 1650 to target rival Dutch shippers attempting to elbow their way into the American conveying exchange b. All trade streaming to and from the provinces must be moved in British vessels Required that European products bound for America previously must be arrived in Britain where levy obligations could be gathered and British go betweens could take a cut of the benefits d. American dealers must transport counted merchandise, outstandingly tobacco, only to Britain despite the fact that the costs may be better somewhere else 2.Salutary Neglect: e. Route Laws that were forced held no painful weight fundamentally on the grounds that they were inexactly upheld (Salutary Neglect) 3. George Greenville: f. PM that initially excited the hatred of the pilgrims in 1763 by requesting the British Navy to start carefully implementing the Navigation Laws g. He made sure about from Parliament the Sugar Act of 1 764 h. Quartering Act of 1 765: required certain settlements to give food and quarters to British soldiers I. Stamp Act of 1 765 j. Greenville viewed these measures as sensible and just k.He was basic requesting that the Americans pay a decent amount of the expenses for their own guard I. Pioneers accepted that Greenville was striking at their neighborhood freedoms 4. Sugar Act of 1 764: m. First law at any point passed by Parliament for bringing charge income up in the provinces for the crown n. It expanded the obligation on remote sugar imported from the West Indies o. After harsh fights, the obligations were brought down significantly and the tumult subsided 5. Stamp Act of 1 765: p. Greenville was attempting to raise the expense incomes to help the new reiteration power q.The Stamp Act commanded the utilization of stepped paper or the appending of stamps, confirming installment of duty r. Stamps were required on bills of offer for around fifty exchange things just as on specific kinds of business and authoritative archives, including playing a game of cards, flyers, papers, recognitions, bills of replenishing, and marriage licenses 6. Tax imposition without any political benefit: s. The expression pilgrims recited after the stamp demonstration was instituted 7. Virtual Representation: t. Greenville guaranteed that the American states were spoken to in Parliament u.He pronounced that the intensity of Parliament was preeminent and unified and that each individual from Parliament spoke to every single British subject, even those Americans in Boston or Charleston who had never decided in favor of an individual from the Parliament v. Americans laughed at the possibility of virtual portrayal 8. Stamp Act Congress 1765: w. It united in NYC, 27 recognized agents from nine states x. In the wake of discussing, the individuals drew up an announcement of their privileges and complaints and implores the lord and Parliament to rescind the repulsive enactment y. The Congress, which was disregarded in England, made little sprinkle at the time in America z.It was one more advance to pioneer solidarity 9. Non-languishment Agreements: A promising step towards association I . Individuals began utilizing home made merchandise and quit buying British imports This allowed provincial people to take an interest in pioneer fights 10. Children of Liberty: Took law into their own hands D. Cried Liberty, Property, and No Stamps . They upheld importation understandings against violators with tar and feathering . Energetic hordes scoured the places of disliked authorities, reallocated their cash, and draped likenesses of stamp specialists on freedom posts 11. Decisive Act 1766: .Reaffirmed Parliaments option to tie the states in all cases at all It characterized the sacred guideline it would not yield: total and inadequate sway over its North American settlements Charles Townsend: . Held onto control of the British service as the new Prime Minister Champagne Charley . Convinced Parliament to pass the Townsend Acts . Regularly alcoholic 12. . Comprehended the contrast among outside and inner duties 13. Townsend Acts 17671 Light import charge on glass, white lead, paper, paint and tea . Made this assessment a backhanded traditions obligation payable at American ports .To the Americans, this distinction didn't make a difference . Parliament suspended the governing body of NY in light of inability to agree tit the quartering demonstration . The Townsend Acts were to be reserved to pay the compensations of the illustrious governors and judges in America Importation acts were immediately restored against Townsend acts Boston Massacre 1 770: . A horde of 60 townspeople set upon a crew of ten redcoats hit the red coats with clubs . The soldiers started shooting and executed or injured eleven residents first amazing Crisps Attacks . Just 2 red coats Were seen as blameworthy Of man butcher 15.King George Ill: . 32 years of age 14. . They . The . Exhaustingly endeavoring to state the intensity of the British government Townsend Acts had neglected to deliver income He was a decent man yet an awful ruler . He encircle himself with agreeable yes men and a degenerate Prime Minister Lord North 16. Ruler North: . Under Lord North, Parliament canceled the Townsend income obligations aside from the assessment on tea The expense that settlers discovered most hostile was held to keep alive the guideline of parliamentary tax collection . Degenerate 17. Boards of trustees Of Correspondence 1772: .Samuel Adams composed the nearby councils of correspondence He framed the first in Boston in 1772 which incited 80 different towns in their provinces to set up comparable associations . Their main capacity was to march the soul of obstruction by exchanging letters and this keep alive resistance to British arrangement . Virginia made the House of Burgesses in 1773 by making, for example, body, for example, a standing council of the House of Burgesses . Inside a brief timeframe, each state had set up a focal board through which it could trade thoughts and data with other 18.British East India Company: . In 1773, it was overburdened with 17 million pounds of unsold tea and was confronting liquidation . On the off chance that it fallen, at that point the London government would lose vigorously in charge income, so they chose to help the organization by warding it a total syndication Of American tea business . The organization offered to sell tea a lot less expensive even with the assessment, however Americans wouldn't get it 19. Boston Tea Party 1 773: . A band of Bostonians, camouflaged as Indians, boarded the docked tea delivers on December 16, 1773 . They crushed open 342 boxes of tea and dumped the substance into the harbor .After this, Hutchinson made a trip to Britain and stayed away forever 20. Coercive/grievous Acts 1 774: . In 1774, it passed a progression of acts intended to chide Boston specifically, Massachusetts when all is said in done . Called the slaughter of Am

The Essay Topic Most Required In Your US History Class

The Essay Topic Most Required In Your US History ClassAll students of US History are required to have at least a passing grade in reading and writing skills. However, it is equally important that they learn how to write a great civil rights essay.While everyone has been told to help in the fight for equality, they often don't think about what they can do to help, or where they might find help. If you are an advocate for civil rights, it is important that you find ways to be of service to others. These civil rights essay topics are not as easy as you may think, and there are many who would suggest writing on a topic that does not directly apply to your personal life.You could try writing on a civil rights topic which directly relates to your profession or career. By answering the question 'What are your career goals? ', you will be able to give the reader a glimpse into your beliefs on how best to help others. However, you should make sure that you still find ways to assist others, ev en if you are in a different profession.One of the easiest civil rights essay topics to write on is love. While it can be said that there is no law which prohibits someone from loving another person, it can also be said that no one can deny a person the right to be loved. If you are in love, it is important that you tell the reader that love is the strongest emotion known to man, and as such it should be honored.If you write an essay about love, it is important that you find ways to open up to the reader. By doing this, you may find that you can find something that touches a person's heart, or by simply finding a way to let a person know that you care about them. Both of these situations can result in a more lasting relationship.Speaking of relationships, one of the most important civil rights essay topics that students write is the issue of divorce. If you are in a relationship which is falling apart, it is important that you still be there for your spouse. Even if it is not possib le for you to maintain the marriage, by finding ways to let him or her know that you are there for them, you can help by being a voice of reason.There are many civil rights essay topics which anyone can write about. It is important that you find a topic that applies to your life, not only your profession. This will help you help others in their time of need, while helping yourself become a better person.

How Is the French Verb Accompagner (to Accompany)

The French for to accompany may sound like accompanier, but it is actually spelled  accompagner. Its a common error among those learning French because of GN pronunciation, which is more of a NI sound. Think of the words onion  and  champagne  and youll get it right. Nonetheless, as with all verbs, we must conjugate  accompagner. Now that you know the correct spelling, the conjugation will be a breeze. Conjugating the French Verb  Accompagner The verb accompagner  follows the verb conjugation pattern of  regular -er verbs. This means that the conjugates should be rather easy to remember, especially if youve worked with similar verbs before. In order to conjugate  accompagner, use the chart to match the subject pronoun with the proper tense. For example, to say I accompany, you will say jaccompagne and we will accompany is nous accompagnerons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j accompagne accompagnerai accompagnais tu accompagnes accompagneras accompagnais il accompagne accompagnera accompagnait nous accompagnons accompagnerons accompagnions vous accompagnez accompagnerez accompagniez ils accompagnent accompagneront accompagnaient Accompagners Present Participle The  present participle  for accompagner  is accompagnant. This is a very easy transition  because you simply replace the -er  with  -ant. As with all present participles, you can use this as an adjective, gerund, or noun as well as a verb. The Passà © Composà © of  Accompagner While you can use the imperfect past tense, its more common to use the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  in French. The same  past participle  of accompagnà © can be used for all subjects, which makes your conjugation even easier. In order to complete the passà © composà ©, you will also need the  auxiliary verb  of  avoir, which needs to be conjugated. For example, to say we accompanied in French, you will say nous avons accompagnà ©. Likewise, I accompanied is jai accompagnà ©. More  Accompagner  Conjugations When studying verb conjugations, concentrate on the present, future, and passà © composà ©, but keep these others in mind. You may find them useful in the future. The subjunctive form is used when the action is uncertain and the conditional when its dependent on something. You will typically only find the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive in formal writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j accompagne accompagnerais accompagnai accompagnasse tu accompagnes accompagnerais accompagnas accompagnasses il accompagne accompagnerait accompagna accompagnt nous accompagnions accompagnerions accompagnmes accompagnassions vous accompagniez accompagneriez accompagntes accompagnassiez ils accompagnent accompagneraient accompagnrent accompagnassent The imperative verb form is another easy one because its a bit of a shortcut. Instead of saying tu accompagne you can drop the pronoun and stick with accompagne. The  tu  is implied in the verb form and this is useful for quick, direct requests and commands. Imperative (tu) accompagne (nous) accompagnons (vous) accompagnez

Arthur Millers The Crucible - 1002 Words

The Puritan religion dating back to the founding of America is now extinguished as a result of its undeniable flaws. The Puritans pursued their business in a very constrained and orderly way by adhering to their strict theocracy. Theocracy is a form of government that is influenced by religious authority; this is now deemed unconstitutional in America. A community run by Puritans, Salem, Massachusetts, became so far corrupted in 1692 that a heinous witch-hunt resulted. In response to these events, Arthur Miller wrote a play called The Crucible. Shaped by Miller’s experience of being tried before the congressional committee during the hunt for communists in the 1950s, his writing directly paralleled Salem’s witch-hunts to the McCarthy hearings. In his play, Abigail Williams was a seventeen year old girl who single-handedly provoked the search of witches to clear her own name after getting caught â€Å"practicing† witchcraft. Most of the people in Salem, along wit h the court, believed her nonsense because of the implicit issues within a perfectionist society. Abigail’s desperate acts of self-preservation became her avenue of devilish and sinful power. Abigail Williams is presented as an evil force in the play because she defies stringent Puritan commandments: â€Å"Thou shalt not commit adultery†, â€Å"Thou shalt not bear false witness† and â€Å"Thou shalt not kill.† Abigail’s adulterous scandal with John Proctor is the main factor leading to the Salem witch trials. Although Abigail was aShow MoreRelated Arthur Millers The Crucible Essay2614 Words   |  11 PagesArthur Millers The Crucible Arthur Miller demonstrates the familiarities of the life he lived in the 1950s and of everyday life we live in through his plays. He communicates through his work to the way people are in society. The extreme witch hysteria deteriorated the rational and emotional stability of its citizens. 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His 1953 play on the Salem witch trials act as an allegory to Joseph McCarthy’s scandal, comparing them to a â€Å"witch hunt†, thus an allusion to the Salem tragedies. Miller uses his characters in a strict way to develop his allegory of the Puritan intolerance. Strongly implanted by Miller, his theme of intolerance demonstrates what thoughts spring to life and what he is trying to put forth. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, Miller uses his characters ofRead MoreEssay on Language in Arthur Millers The Crucible525 Words   |  3 PagesLanguage in Arthur Millers The Crucible One aspect of The Crucible that is really Important is the way that Arthur Miller writes, and the language that he has used. His style is rather simple, with simple sentence structure on the whole, and quite simple vocabulary, he wanted to keep everything simple in this way in The Crucible, to prevent focus being taken away from the plot and the problems that the characters were facing with each other. So Miller doesRead MoreCommunism And Communism In Arthur Millers The Crucible711 Words   |  3 PagesSimilar to, in 1953, Arthur Miller an American playwright, scripted the play titled â€Å"The Crucible†. The McCarthy hearings of the 1950s inspired the notable play. Consequently, after the hearing, McCarthyism became a vociferous campaign carried out by Senator Joseph McCarthy, which accused people of communism. To declare, Miller uses an analogy using the events of the Salem Witch Trials of 1693 to expose the ugly truth behind communism and McCarthyism. To begin, the word crucible derived from theRead More Arthur Millers The Crucible Essay examples681 Words   |  3 PagesArthur Millers The Crucible The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, is a tragic story of injustice suffered by an innocent community who are subjected to the hypocritical, prideful judges of their trial. These Judges use their power to eliminate evidence of their mistakes and return their community to puritanical ways. 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LIETUVOS IR DIDIOSIOS BRITANIJOS VERSLO KULTU Essay Example For Students

LIETUVOS IR DID?IOSIOS BRITANIJOS VERSLO KULTU Essay RU ATSTOVU TARPKULTURINE KOMUNIKACIJA:SUSITIKIMU ORGANIZAVIMO ASPEKTASKursinis darbasturinysIVADAS. 31.TARPKULTURINES KOMUNIKACIJOS ESME. 41.1Komunikacijos efektyvumas sekmingos organizacijos veiklos prielaida. 41.2Bendri tarpkulturinio bendravimo pa?inimo principai 42.D. Britanijos ir Lietuvos verslo kulturu pa?inimo modelis. 72.1Sociokulturines interakcijos patirtis. 82.2Sociokulturinio bendravimo klimatas interakcijos metu. 103.SUSitikimU ORGANIZAVIMAS. 113.1Sociokulturines patirties formavimas. 113.1.1D. Britanijos ir Lietuvos kulturu palyginimas pagal Hofstede dimensijas. 113.1.2R.Gesteland kulturu klasifikacija. 123.2Susitikimu organizavimo tarp Lietuvos ir Did?iosios Britanijos kulturos atstovu praktiniai aspektai 14i?vados. 17literaturos sara?as. 18IVADASTemos aktualumas. Globalizacijos salygomis vis daugiau ne tik dideliu, taciau ir ma?u imoniu ry?tasi i?naudoti savo potenciala u?sienio rinkose. ?iam tikslui butinas ne tik u?sienio ?alies, kurioje ketinama pletoti versla, ek onominiu, teisiniu, socialiniu, taciau kartu ir toje ?alyje galiojanciu kulturiniu nuostatu, vertybiu, elgesio manieru, verslo etiketo taisykliu pa?inimas ir i?manymas. Tenka isisavinti tai, jog dirbame su ?monemis, o tarpusavio santykiai yra vienas svarbiausiu faktoriu itakojanciu verslo sekme. Nuo to, kaip sugebesime u?megzti ir palaikyti dalykinius santykius, deretis ir pritapti vieni prie kitu priklauso tai, ar tarpusavio santykiai peraugs i ilgalaiki bendradarbiavima, ar tai bus tik vienkartinis sandoris, po kurio nei vienai, nei kitai ?aliai nesinores turetu bendru reikalu su tuo paciu partneriu. ?iame darbe kalbama apie Lietuvos ir Did?iosios Britanijos verslo kulturu atstovu komunikacija, nagrinejant susitikimu organizavimo aspekta. Did?ioji Britanija pasirinkta neatsitiktinai. Tai Europos Sajungos nare, su kuria Lietuva palaiko glaud?ius santykius. 2002 m. I Did?iaja Britanija eksportas i? Lietuvos sudare daugiau kaip 12 proc. viso eksporto. Did?ioji Britanija yra did?iausias Lietuvos eksporto partneris. Lietuvai integruojantis i bendraja Europos Sajungos rinka, galima tiketis dar glaudesnio bendradarbiavimo su Did?iaja Britanija. Lietuvos Statistikos departamento duomenimis, 2003 m. Did?ioji Britanija investavo Lietuvoje daugiau kaip 900.000 Lt. Tai penktasis rodiklis pagal tiesioginiu u?sienio investiciju dydi. Problema. Problemi?ka yra tai, jog pasirengusiai eiti i Did?iosios Britanijos rinka stinga ?iniu apie ?ios ?alies kulturine aplinka. Kartais imoniu vadovai tiesiog pasikliauja savo ?iniomis, laikydami, jog svarbiausias dalykas tarpkulturineje komunikacijoje yra u?sienio kalbos ?inojimas. Praktika rodo, jog kulturiniai tautu skirtumai yra ypatingai svarbus komunikacijos aspektas, galintis ?ymia dalimi itakoti komunikacijos efektyvuma. Tikslas. Darbo tikslas verslo susitikimu organizavimo aspektu i?nagrineti Lietuvos ir Did?iosios Britanijos verslo kulturu pana?umus ir skirtumus. Darbo u?daviniai. Siekiant darbo tikslo, darbui keliami u?daviniai:nagrineti bendrus tarpkulturines komunikacijos pa?inimo klausimus;pateikti tarpkulturines komunikacijos modeli, pagal kuri butu galima atlikti Lietuvos ir Did?iosios Britanijos verslo kulturu lyginamaja analize. Lietuvos imoniu vadovams pateikti praktinius patarimus del susitikimu organizavimo su Did?iosios Britanijos verslo kulturos atstovais. Naudojama literatura. Darbo atlikimui naudojamas mokslines literaturos analizes metodas. Darbas yra teorinio pobud?io. 1.TARPKULTURINES KOMUNIKACIJOS ESME1.1 Komunikacijos efektyvumas sekmingos organizacijos veiklos prielaida Bendriausiu po?iuriu, komunikacija galima interpretuoti kaip reik?minga pasikeitima informacija, perduodant ?inia. (3, p. 15) Atrodytu paprasta: u?koduoji ?inia, pasirenki perdavimo kanala, persiunti ir lauki gri?tamojo ry?io. Vis tik i? ?alies paprastai atrodanti komunikacijos schema slepia savyje daugeli pavoju. ?is pavojus tai siuntejo prasmes netinkamas iifravimas ir interpretavimas ?inios gavejo akimis, o tai gali radikaliai itakoti visa komunikacijos grandine. Buityje komunikacijos (bendravimo) klaidos gali salygoti nesusipratimus ar konfliktus, kuriuos asmeniniu pastangu deka ilgainiui galima i?spresti. Kai kalbama apie dalykine komunikacija, cia klaidos taipogi pasitaiko, taciau ju pasekmes jau kur kas didesnio masto. Dalykines komunikacijos efektyvumas tai butina prielaida sekmingam organizacijos gyvavimui, todel ivairus autoriai nuolat akcentuoja butinybe mokytis perduoti savas ?inias tinkamai jas koduojant, parenkant teisingus perdavimo kanalus. ?velgiant i? kitos puses, gautos ?inios iifravimas ir interpretacija priklauso nuo gavejo sukaupto patyrimo, jo busenos tuo metu, sugebejimo priimti ir teisingai suvokti siuntejo ?inia. Didele itaka komunikacijos procesui turi skirtumai tarp siuntejo ir gavejo, skirtingas problemu suvokimo laipsnis, subjektyvus po?iuris ar nusistatymas vienas kito at?vilgiu. (3, p. 21) Dar sudetingesnes salygos komunikacijai yra tuomet, kai bendrauja skirtingu kulturu atstovai. Vykstant globalizacijos procesams, daugelis verslo organizaciju ry?tasi i?bandyti savo jegas tarptautinese rinkose, todel ju darbuotojams tenka ivaldyti ivairiausius komunikacinius gebejimus, pradedant ?alies, su kuria ketinama bendradarbiauti, kalbos mokejimu ir baigiant toje ?alyje priimtu verslo etiketo taisykliu detaliu pa?inimu. ?ias ir kitas tarpkulturinio bendravimo ?inias lengviau isisavinti, jei suprantami bendrieji tarpkulturinio bendravimo pa?inimo principai, padedantys orientuotis ivairiausiose socialinese aplinkose. Apie tokius principus kalbama kitame darbo skyriuje. 1.2Bendri tarpkulturinio bendravimo pa?inimo principai Tarpkulturines komunikacijos klausimus gvildenantys autoriai pa?ymi, jog tarpkulturinio bendravimo nagrinejimas turi remtis giliu atskiru bendraujanciu ?aliu kulturu pa?inimu. ?is klausimas komplikuotas ir sudetingas del keliu prie?asciu. Viena vertus, kiekvienas ?mogus priklauso kelioms kulturoms. Bendriausiu po?iuriu, ?mogus priklauso kulturai, kuri budinga jo ?aliai. Vis tik neverta pamir?ti, jog yra ir kitokiu kulturiniu grupiu: etniniu, religiniu, broliju, moteru draugiju ar profesionaliu bendruomeniu, turinciu bendra kalba, paprocius, normas ir vertybes. Verslo prasme, kulturos apibre?imas yra problemi?kas, nes ?alies verslo kultura paprastai skiriasi nuo bendros kulturos. Nelson (1990 m.) teigia, jog verslo kultura sudaro kalba, religija, vertybes ir pa?iuros, teise, i?silavinimas, politika, technologija, socialines organizacijos, kurios atskirose kulturose skiriasi. Organizacija taip pat vysto ir palaiko savita kultura. Taigi kultura pasirei?kia ivairiose socialinese grupese, besiskirianciose viena nuo kitos nariu skaiciumi, kulturos stabilumu, sudetimi, sudetingumu, atvirumu ir kitomis savybemis. Antra vertus, visumines kulturos ir jos elementu gilus pa?inimas yra sudetingas u?davinys, reikalaujantis laiko, ?mogi?kojo darbo i?tekliu bei praktines bendravimo tarpkulturineje aplinkoje patirties. Verslo tarptautinese rinkose sekme betarpi?kai priklauso nuo bendradarbiaujanciu ?aliu darbuotoju kompetencijos tarpkulturinio bendravimo srityje. Ivairiomis dimensijomis kultura nagrinejantys autoriai pa?ymi, jog kultura i?mokstama, taciau tai ilgalaikiu sisteminiu pastangu reikalaujantis darbas. Trecia vertus, kulturos yra dinamines nuolatos kintancios sistemos. Tai, ka su?inome apie viena kultura skaitydami de?imties metu senumo knygas, gali netikti ?iandien. Nors pagrindiniai kulturiniai elementai kinta i? leto, taciau globalizacija vis labiau itakoja kiekvienos ?iuolaikines valstybes kultura. Ne veltui gvildenami Cocalizacijos ar McDonaldizacijos klausimai, aptariamas Vakarieti?kosios kulturos materializmo principu isigalejimas, keiciantis daugelio kulturu normas, vertybes. V.Bar?auskiene, remdamasi ivairiu autoriu nuomone, apibendrina tarpkulturinio (sociokulturinio) bendravimo procesui budingas aksiomas, kuriu suvokimas butinas kiekvienam darbuotojui, bendraujanciam multikulturineje aplinkoje. 1.Siekiant suprasti sociokulturinio bendravimo poreiki, butinas skirtingumo principo suvokimas ir priemimas. Tai rei?kia, jog efektyvus komunikatorius turetu teigiamai priimti kulturinius skirtumus ir interpretuoti juos kaip plotme, kurios pa?inimas padeda ugdyti reikalingus bendravimo igud?ius, iveikti nesusipratimus ir gerinti bendravimo kokybe. 2.Sociokulturini bendravima sudaro ne tik turinys, bet ir forma. Svarbu ne tik tai, ka sakome, taciau kaip tai darome. Komunikacijos turinys ir forma itakoja tarpusavio santykius, kurie ypatingai svarbus sociokulturinio bendravimo efektyvumui. Pasitikejimu gristi santykiai tai ?ingsnis link verslo sekmes tiek vienai, tiek kitai ?aliai. 3.Prisitaikymas prie kulturos yra sociokulturinio bendravimo dalis. Atliktu tyrimu rezultatai rodo, jog sociokulturinio bendravimo sekme priklauso nuo komunikatoriaus gebejimu prisitaikyti prie besikeicianciu salygu ir naujos kulturines aplinkos. 4.Asmenines komunikacijos stilius daro itaka sociokulturinio bendravimo procesui. Vienaip ar kitaip mintis rei?kiantis komunikatorius gali formuoti ivairius psichologinius vaidmenis: draugo, patarejo, tarpininko, kritiko, klausanciojo, informacijos pateikejo ir pan. Nuo ?iu vaidmenu betarpi?kai priklauso tarpusavio santykiai. 5.Socialinis bendravimas gali buti nesekmingas. Netgi turint gerus sociokulturinio bendravimo igud?ius, gali nepasisekti komunikuojant. Da?niausiai sekasi tiems, kurie stengiasi bendrauti, atsi?velgdami i kulturu skirtumus. (2, p. 57-59)Du svarbius tarptautinio verslo praktikos principus pateikia amerikietis R.Gesteland: Tarptautiniame versle manoma, kad pardavejas taikosi prie pirkejo. Sudarant tarptautini sanderi pirkejo padetis yra palankesne. Jis gali nepaisyti kulturiniu skirtumu, nebent noretu deretis del kuo palankesniu salygu). Tarptautiniame versle yra tikimasi, kad atvykelis taikysis prie vietos paprociu.(1, p. 205)Remiantis ?iais pagrindiniais sociokulturinio bendravimo vystymo principais, kituose darbo skyriuose nagrinejami Lietuvos ir Did?iosios Britanijos imoniu darbuotoju sociokulturinio bendravimo ypatumai, stengiantis i?ry?kinti dvieju kulturu atstovu skirtumus ir ju salygojamus komunikacinius barjerus. 2.D. Britanijos ir Lie uvos verslo kulturu pa?inimo modelis Dvieju pasirinktu kulturu nagrinejimui ?ioje darbo dalyje yra pateikiamas komunikacijos sociokulturineje aplinkoje modelis (?r. 1 pav.), orientuotas i sociokulturini komunikacijos efektyvuma. ?is modelis i?rei?kia supratima apie tai, jog komunikacija itakoja ankstesnes sociokulturines interakcijos patirtis, formuojanti bendravimo klimata A individui. Del sociokulturinio bendravimo klimato tarpusavio interakcijos su B individu, gautos informacijos bei tarpusavio santykiu interakcijos metu su kitos kulturos atstovu B, individas A arba pana?iai suvokia sociokulturinio bendravimo aplinka, arba jo po?iuris ?ios aplinkos at?vilgiu pasikeicia. Po interakcijos su individu B, individas susidaro nuomone apie komunikacija ir jos pasekmes. Jei toji komunikacija yra efektyvi, tiketina, jog ateityje tarpusavio santykiai stipres, o komunikacija vyks bendradarbiavimo ir tarpusavio pasitikejimo salygomis. Ankstesne sociokulturines interakcijos patirtisSociokulturinio bendravimo klimatas A individuiSociokulturinio bendravimo klimatas, sukurtas A ir B interakcijos metuSociokulturiniai santykiai ir informacija tarp A ir BKanalasSociokulturinio bendravimo klimatas A individuiSociokultu-rines pasekmesSociokulturinis efektyvumas 1 pav. Sociokulturines komunikacijos modelis (2, p. 55)?iame kursiniame darbe nagrinejamas Lietuvos ir Did?iosios Britanijos verslo kulturu santykis, i?ry?kinant susitikimu organizavimo aspekta. Pritaikant pateikta komunikacini modeli, i? esmes ketinama nagrineti dvi sritis:1)sociokulturines interakcijos patirti ir budus, kuriais ?ioje patirtis yra formuojama;2)sociokulturinio bendravimo klimata ir santykius besiformuojancius Lietuvos ir Did?iosios Britanijos verslo imoniu atstovu interakcijos metu (susitikimu organizavimo aspektas). Kadangi praktinis tyrimas nera atliekamas, sociokulturines interakcijos tarp dvieju kulturu atstovu pasekmes galima isivaizduoti hipoteti?kai, numatant galimas interakcijos alternatyvas ir ju vystymosi padarinius. Bob Cratchit's family EssayNelygybe, ypac rasine, pasirei?kia ir Did?iojoje Britanijoje. Atvykusiems ?monems, neretai tenka dirbti fizini darba ir yra sunku gauti gerai apmokamo specialisto ar vadovo darba. Del ?ios prie?asties verta laikytis ?iu principu: susipa?inti su vietos protokolu ir rodyti derama pagarba auk?tesni statusa turintiems organizacijos nariams; vystyti ekspertines ?inias, kurios vertinamos formalesnese kulturose; organizacijos atstovavima patiketi auk?to rango darbuotojui vyrui. Laiko traktavimas. Laiko traktavimo po?iuriu i?skiriamos monochroni?kos ir polichroni?kos kulturos. Monochroni?kose kulturose vertinamas punktualumas, atitikimas nustatytiems terminams. Tiek Did?iosios Britanijos, tiek Lietuvos kulturos yra vidutini?kai monochroni?kos, todel velavimas yra nemandagumo ?enklas, galintis sukomplikuoti dalykinius santykius. Punktualumas ?iuo atveju rei?kia patikimuma. Neverbalinio elgesio ekspresyvumas. Tarptautiniame versle skirtingu kulturu atstovu deryboms daugiausia sunkumu kelia keturi kuno kalbos aspektai:Asmenine erdvePrisilietimaiAkiu kontaktasKuno judesiai ir gestai. (1, p. 213)Tiek Lietuvoje, tiek Did?iojoje Britanijoje reikia tureti omenyje, jog tinkamas atstumas dalykiniams pokalbiams yra apie 40 60 cm. Ma?esnio atstumo laikymasis gali sukelti nepatogumo jausma pa?nekovui. Da?niausias fizinis kontaktas susitikimu metu tai rankos paspaudimas. Dalykiniuose susitikimuose su Did?iosios Britanijos atstovais nevertetu per ilgai ir stipriai spausti rankos. Did?iojoje Britanijoje priimtinas paprastas ir santurus rankos paspaudimas. Dalykiniuose susitikimuose vyrai sveikinasi su moterimis paduodami ir tvirtai paspausdami ranka. Susitikus su u?sienio prekybos partnerio ?mona, nuo rankos paspaudimo reiketu susilaikyti. Jei grupei ?moniu pristatomas kolega, pirmiausia patartina pristatyti kolega vyriausiam, auk?ciausias pareigas u?imanciam grupes atstovui. Kuomet susitinkama pirma karta su Did?iosios Britanijos kulturos atstovais, patartina naudoti vidutini?ko lygio akiu kontakta. Dalykiniuose susitikimuose akiu kontakto i?laikymas rodo ?alies susidomejima. Nepatartinas nuolatinis akiu kontaktas, kuris gali buti palaikomas i?uliu. Santurumu pasi?ymintys Did?iosios Britanijos atstovai susilaiko nuo ekspresyviu gestu ar kitu kuno judesiu. Pana?iai reiketu elgtis ir Lietuvos verslininkams. Ribota gestikuliacija, kuno judesiu valdymu Did?iosios Britanijos atstovams asocijuojasi su susikaupimu, rimtumu ir patikimumu. 3.2 Susitikimu organizavimo tarp Lietuvos ir Did?iosios Britanijos kulturos atstovu praktiniai aspektai Remiantis dvieju kulturu analize bei mokslineje literaturoje rasta med?iaga, toliau ketinama trumpai aptarti praktinius susitikimu tarp Lietuvos ir Did?iosios Britanijos atstovu klausimus. Pasirengimas susitikimui. Del Did?iosios Britanijos verslininku grie?to laiko traktavimo, susitikimus butina planuoti ir jiems rengtis i? anksto. Iprastai dienotvarkes planavimu u?siima padejejai, pavaduotojai ir sekretores, kurie derina reikalus su kita puse, perduoda informacija savo vadovui, veliau velgi skambina kitos puses atstovams. Tokia tvarka neturetu stebinti. Planuojant laika, reiketu ispeti britu kolegas apie tai, kiek laiko ir kuriems klausimas ketinama skirti laika. Tai rodo dalyki?kuma, kuris Did?iojoje Britanijoje yra vertinamas. Britai megsta buti padeties ?eimininkais, todel nepatartina diktuoti susitikimo tempo, krypties. Susitikimo detalus planavimas ?ioje srityje gali buti labai naudingas. (4, p. 59)Roliu susitikimo metu i?siai?kinimas. Susitikimuose su britais, ju puseje gali dalyvauti ir i dienotvarke neitraukti asmenys. Tai gali buti sekretore, ry?iu su visuomene atstovas, prekybos skyriaus darbuotojas ar juriskonsultantas. Labai sunku nuspresti pagal britu am?iu, apsirengimo stiliu tai, kuris yra vadovas ir kokia jo role visoje organizacijoje. Tiesioginiu diskusiju metu i ?iuos klausimus galima lengvai rasti atsakymus, jei u?duodami atitinkamos srities ir svarbos klausimai. Prisistatymas. Prisistatymo metu patartina neskubeti, per daug negestikuliuoti, geriau buti kukliu ir dalyki?ku. Patartina pirmiausia pasisveikinti su britu delegacijos vadovu. Jei susitikima tenka vesti Lietuvos atstovams, pirmiausia turetu prisistatyti vadovas, veliau jis turetu pristatyti savo kolegas, ju pareigas ir darbo sriti. Per posed?ius verslo reikalais i? prad?iu elgiasi labai oficialiai ir vardais ima vadintis tik po keliu susitikimu. Britai megsta pasirodyti ?eimos ?monemis, todel susitikimu pertraukeliu metu tinka kalbeti apie vaikus, atostogas ir prisiminimus. Did?iojoje Britanijoje humoras per dalykinius posed?ius yra svarbus elementas, tad patartina atvykti su nema?a anekdotu ir juodingu istoriju atsarga. Britai laukia, kad i ju anekdota butu atsakoma anekdotu. Tokiu budu sukuriama palanki bendravimui atmosfera. (5, p. 180)Susitikimo aplinkos organizavimas. Kaip paprastai, britai stengiasi sukurti neutralia aplinka, patogia abiem ?alims. Jeigu tenka susitikima organizuoti lietuviams, patartina stengtis greitai ir dalyki?kai patenkinti visas britu reikmes, iskaitant aprupinima maistu ir gerimu, kanceliarijos reikmenimis. Derejimasis su britais. Nors ai?kiai apibre?tu taisykliu del derybu su britais nera, reiketu ap?velgti kai kuriuos esminius klausimus. Absoliutus ir kategori?kas atsisakymas yra nenaudingas ?ingsnis. Jei yra galimybe nusileisti, geriau taip padaryti, u?simenant, jog tokio ?ingsnio tikimasi ir i? kitos derybininku puses. Jei yra dalyku, kuriu reikia primygtinai reikalauti, patartina elgtis ramiai ir tvirtai to siekti nenaudojant grasinimu ar ultimatumu. Jeigu u?laikyti britus derybose ilgiau, jie gali nusileisti. Dauguma britu yra isitikine, jog del komercinio sanderio neverta atsisakyti tokiu malonumu kaip pavalgymas ar miegas. Vis tik pernelyg akivaizdus spaudimas yra nepatartinas. Derybos da?niausiai baigiasi ranku paspaudimais ir ?odiniais susitarimais, kurie traktuojami visai rimtai. Vis tik tai nera garantija, kad atitinkami kontraktai bus pasira?yti ir sanderis bus igyvendintas. Britanijoje, kaip ir visose ?alyse, sanderis teisi?kai isigalioja tik tuomet, kai jis ai?kiai i?destomas ra?ytinio dokumento pavidalu ir pasira?omas abieju derybininku pusiu. Britai megsta i?samius, tikslius ir ai?kius kontraktus. Derybose del kontrakto, kurios salygos numato, kad gincai ir ie?kiniai sprend?iami pagal Did?iojoje Britanijoje galiojancius istatymus, patartina pasira?yti tik pasikonsultavus su britu juristu. (4, p. 62-64)Susitikimo pabaiga. Nors britai grie?tai traktuoja laika, jie vengia pirmieji parodyti tai, jog nori baigti susitikima. Ju nenora patiems skelbti renginio pabaiga galima paai?kinti vengimu pasirodyti nemandagiems. Jei ai?kiai juntamas betikslis u?testumas ir prasideda plepejimas, galima subtiliai imtis iniciatyvos pasiulant susitikima baigti. Galima u?siminti, jog ?iandien dar turite neu?baigtu reikalu, todel greiciausiai ?iai dienai pakaks. Praktines rekomendacijos del susitikimu organizavimo. I pasitarima geriau atvykti keliomis minutemis anksciau ir pasikalbeti su britais neutraliomis, neipareigojanciomis frazemis. Atejus numatytam laikui, nedelsti pradeti susitikimo, nesibla?kyti ir neskubeti. Prisistatyti paciam kaip vadovui, pristatyti kolegas, ju pareigas ir veiklos sriti. Trumpai ap?velgti tema. Apibudinti tikslus tos dienos ir konkretaus laikotarpio. Pasitarima testi pagal iprastus formalumus. Buti dalyki?ku, taciau nenurodineti ir nesielgti stacioki?kai. Skirti pakankamai laiko klausimams ir kritinems pastaboms. Pabaigoje apibendrinti rezultatus ir pareik?ti savo nuomone. Ap?velgti numatomu veiksmu plana, galutinius terminus. Po pasitarimo patartina parengti anotacija ar tarnybini ra?ta apie susitikimo rezultatus. (4, p. 61). i?vadosNorint pasiekti geresniu rezultatu, tarptautiniame versle reikia suvokti, jog skirtingu ?aliu ?mones yra skirtingi. Neu?tenka vien ?inoti bendraji verslo etiketa. Bendravime yra svarbus ir turinys, ir forma. Jei komunikatorius sugeba prisitaikyti prie svetimos kulturos, tiketina, jog jam labiau seksis sociokulturines komunikacijos atveju. Daug priklauso nuo komunikatoriaus gebejimu tinkama reik?ti savas mintis ir numatyti galimas ?moniu, su kuriais jam tenka bendrauti, reakcijas. Mokslininkai pa?ymi, jog tarpkulturine komunikacija gali buti nesekminga. Tarptautine komunikacija su u?sienio verslo organizacija galima traktuoti kaip nuoseklu procesa, kuriame sekme priklauso nuo abieju komunikuojanciu pusiu. Jei kiekvienas komunikatorius gerai pa?ista svetima kultura ir yra sukaupes didele sociokulturinio bendravimo patirti, efektyvios komunikacijos tikimybe yra didele. Skirtingu kulturu interakcija keicia bendraujanciuju supratima apie kitos kulturos atstovus. Kuo da?nesne interakcija, tuo ma?iau nesusipratimu tarp komunikuojanciuju. Svarbu po kiekvienos interakcijos pabandyti i?velgti tai, ko anksciau nemateme, arba tai, kas nebuvo gerai pastebima. Tai galimybe tobulinti savo sociokulturines srities ?inias. Kadangi nagrinetos Europos valstybes, did?iuliu skirtumu nepastebeta, taciau Lietuvos ir Did?iosios Britanijos verslo kulturu yra skirtumu. Nors apie daugelis apie britus galvoja kaip apie santurius ir snobi?kus ?mones, taciau tai darbe atsiskleide tik i? dalies. Hofstede keturiu kulturiniu dimensiju nagrinejimas rodo, jog britai pasi?ymi individualizmu, ?emu neapibre?tumo vengimo laipsniu. Lietuvos kulturos atstovu didesnis neapibre?tumo vengimo laipsnis ir ?emesnis individualizmas rodo lietuvius kai kuriomis situacijomis esant nery?tingais, stokojanciais iniciatyvos, vengianciais keistis ?monemis. Verslo susitikimu metu patartina Lietuvos verslo atstovams buti santuriais, pasitikinciais ir dalyki?kais. Pernelyg didele gestikuliacija, nuolatinis akiu kontaktas yra nepageidaujami. Verslo susitikimus reikia detaliai suplanuoti, numatyti darbotvarke. Jei sustikimas organizuojamas Lietuvos atstovu pastangomis, patartina aprupinti britus maistu, gerimu ir visomis kitomis priemonemis, kurios rodytu esant Lietuvos partnerius esant i?valgiais ir rimtais ?monemis. Lietuviu inicijuotas partneriu skubinimas nepatartinas. Spaudimas del sprendimu priemimo gali buti naudojamas, taciau perlenkti lazdos nevertetu. Britai vertina punktualuma, todel velavimas ma?ina veluojanciuju presti?a. literaturos sara?as1.Ausmaniene N. Tarpkulturiniai bendravimo skirtumai / Bendravimo psichologija. Kaunas, 2001, p. 226. ISBN 9955-09-033-2. 2.Bar?auskiene V. Dalykine komunikacija. Kaunas, 2002, p. 237. ISBN 9955-09-112-6. 3.Bar?auskiene V., Januleviciute B. ?mogi?kieji santykiai. Kaunas, 1999. p. 387. ISBN 9986-13-715-2. 4.Harper T. Prie? Jus Jungtine Karalyste. Vadovas britu verslui, paprociams ir elgesio taisyklems pa?inti. Kaunas, 2000, p. 111. ISBN 5-430-03050-3. 5.Lewis R.D. Kulturu sandura. Kaip sekmingai bendrauti su kitu kulturu atstovais. 1994, p. 432. ISBN 1-85788-087-0. 6.Paulauskaite N., Vanagas P. Organizacijos kulturos tyrimas igyvendinant visuotines kokybes vadyba. Kaunas, 1998, p. 108. 7.Irvin J.L. Modern Britain. An introduction. 3rd ed. London, 1994, p. 171. 8.ODriscoll J. Britain. The country and its people. Oxford, 1997, p. 224. 9.Findings for Lithuanian cultural dimensions. Audra I. Mockaitis. Organizaciju vadyba: sisteminiai tyrimai, 2001.20 ISSN 1392-1142.

The Bluest Eye Essay Paper Example For Students

The Bluest Eye Essay Paper Beauty is something that a lot of people in life strive for, because everyone has fitted in their mind what exactly beauty is. People know that it can help you out in life. But what most people dont know is that, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Meaning that beauty should not be characterized by what people are told it is, beauty is different for everyone, what is beautiful for you may be ugly to someone else. The characters in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye are confronted with the ideal of beauty and strive for it whether they know it or not. The two characters that I think were followed the ideal of beauty in Toni Morisons story are Pauline and Pecola. We will write a custom essay on The Bluest Eye Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Toni Morrisons story and in real life, beauty is described by people as having blond hair, blue eyes , perfect figure, etc. Its been said that if you have good looks, you can make it in life with just looks alone. People only strive for becoming beautiful because they want attention. As is the case in Toni Morrisons story. The characters in her story think that they are ugly, by others opinions of them, and want to become beautiful so they will be recognized and be the center of attention. But the harder both characters try, the worse things get. Pauline strived for beauty because she wanted to attention and wanted to be beautiful. Pauline seemed to have just worse case of bad luck, when she was a child she stepped on a nail and she was left with a limp forever. ?The wound left her with a crooked, archless foot that flopped when she walked (110). She tried to put that behind her but she lost three middle teeth, not all the same time but slowly. It wasnt because her teeth were rotten the tooth just fell out. ?I was sitting back in my seat, and I taken a big bite of that candy, and it pulled a tooth right out of my mouth. I could of cried. I had good teeth, not a rotten one in my head. I dont believe I ever did get over that? (123). After trying so hard to become beautiful and things going bad the harder she tried, she just gave up. Pecola strived for beauty throughout the whole book, she knew that people though she was an ugly child. So she thought if she had blue eyes, things would be different and she would be recognized and become beautiful. Pecola, being a child, did not know that her wish was just not possible. But she was a kid and didnt know any better. She figured that if she had blue eyes like Maurine Pie, she would be popular and beautiful. Pecola asked Soaphead Church for blue eyes, and he told he would. Although Pecola never really got blue eyes, she thought she did and it was enough to fulfill her needs. In Conclusion, the characters did not achieve the beauty they desired. Pauline gave up on her quest to become beautiful, the harder she tired the worse things got. Pecola did not really get her blue eyes, although she thought she got them and that was fulfilling for her. If the characters had not worried about becoming beautiful, I think they would have been better of in the end.